Finals Schedule | GPA Calculator. While by no means a comprehensive list, some frequent barriers students in higher education face include: In order to offer all students the highest chance of success, it is important to maintain a degree of flexibility while still keeping expectations for achievement high. Instructors . Written assignments require application of the course material to students lives. Technology-enabled learning approaches make students' learning more flexible and personalized. As they emerge from the pandemic, universities worldwide are evaluating the adaptations in the education sector during the pandemic and determining their course of action for the future. Her favorite part of being a professor is mentoring undergraduates through the research process. She says we could see more creativity and flexibility in the aftermath of remote learning. Norms set at the beginning for participating in online activities, discussions and live sessions. As a student teacher during this time, it has been a challenging experience, but also one that has allowed me to think outside the box and grow as an educator. Facing the challenges of teaching in New Hampshire during a pandemic We need our elected officials to fight for students and educators June 30, 2020 Kevin Fleming email Facebook 0 Twitter Linkedin The end of the school year is always consumed with bittersweet farewells. You look at the age of a lot of students theyre very technology savvy, so this is a comfort area for them as well. Dr. VanBeuge currently teaches in the School of Nursings graduate programs, which are already online, so her transition wasnt too difficult. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. To that end, we are committed to helping you create the most resilient, flexible course (s) possible. 11 a.m 12 noon). Proponents of flexible seating argue that movement in the classroom increases engagement, productivity, and, with time, students' love of learning. Many of these were important before the pandemic but have become even more important over the last year. This is not, by any means, a negative indication of the effectiveness of this modality. They notice things that busy staff nurses might not. She added UNLVSON was able to transition more seamlessly to remote learning thanks to several factors. Assessment can also have built-in flexibility if you are thoughtful when designing assignments, quizzes, and exams. As we move to remote instruction, it is important to recognize the massive impact that current events may be having on our students and ourselves. While in-class discussion is a very important form of participation, students that need to miss class or have barriers that prevent them from fully engaging in a class discussion may be unfairly penalized. Beyond their technical skills, instructors leadership is much more valuable now amidst the unknown. Outcomes and Achievements 24 6.1 Benefits from Flexible Teaching and Learning 24 6.2 Performance Under Flexible Teaching and Learning 25 6.3 Suitability of Assessment Methods 26 7. Are you already offering multiple methods for each of those interactions? While these spaces may vary in nature, this resource offers some best practices that can be applied regardless of space. They can also serve as a resource for all students to review if needed. The emergency remote teaching effort (Keep Teaching) was the best we could do, given the limited time and constraints of the Spring 2020 pandemic, to help faculty translate face-to-face activities and content to a remote setting in an emergency. Dr. Pawilen, a curricularist, explained that discussing modalities of instruction begins by looking at the curriculum. With nursing students already in the hospitals, the school could get a sense of the changes coming ahead of time. Clark: If you think somebody has it, you just treat them like they have it. But beyond our individual health, the reality is we are all in this pandemic together, and we can still be that way through physical isolation, by following the right procedures and health strategies. In social psychology, students could watch up to three videos (including social psychologist interviews and/or Ted Talks) and write reflections. Commission on Higher Education (CHED) chair Prospero de Vera III said on Friday, May 21, that the commission has already adopted a policy that "flexible learning" system will "continue in . Five tips for flexible teaching during 2022 American Psychological Association. Every degree program at WGU is tied to a high-growth, highly rewarding career path. Those in-person clinical hours arent just required to pass; theyre an essential tool to teach young nurses about the intangibles: the way a patient reacts when you walk into a room, how your tone and body language could impact their mood. Since then, the virus has led to a global public health crisis, a pandemic infecting over a million people worldwide and claiming in excess of 60,000 lives. Wood: Theyre not just learning, theyre helpful. This is a silly way to measure the effect. And suddenly remote teaching, e-learning, and digital educational . A UNT researcher studies how teachers are handling the new world of education after a shift to remote instruction due to COVID-19 restrictions and offers suggestions for moving forward. Although the response, which can be found here, is not groundbreaking and does not go as far as some had called for, it is . Murawski said the pandemic has opened the door for many educators, parents and students to the idea of "universal design for learning," an educational framework that guides the development of flexible learning environments and learning spaces that can accommodate individual learning differences. Apr. struggle. Teaching Through a Pandemic: A Mindset for This Moment Hundreds of teachers, many of them operating in countries where teach-from-home has been in place for weeks, weigh in on the mental approach you need to stay grounded in this difficult time. What is Flexible Teaching? Theyre going to get it done because theres no other way., But its this trial by fire that could push new innovations in virtual education, according to UNLVSON Clinical lecturer Minnie Wood. Each student brings their own distinct background, experiences, and challenges with them to the classroom. . Of course, students arent the only ones impacted. Content created or curated based on the course design plan before the launch of the course; students have the opportunity to access content on their own schedule and review as many times as necessary. This quarter I am teaching Research in Critical Sport Studies (ANTH 269). More than half of teachers now offer students more flexibility in how they choose to complete assignments, more opportunities to revise and re-submit their work, and more ways to participate. However, this modality is not preferred by our faculty at this time, because it falls with others that require in-person teaching during the pandemic. Bellow: The last thing you want for a patient who thinks they may have been exposed is to expose others. Managed through ad hoc communication; adjusted as circumstances changed. Flexible degrees. We are living in unprecedented times during a global pandemic. Student feedback was positive and they concluded that although cheatsheets were a welcome adaptation for online exams, they werent necessary for in-class exams. The barriers between campus-based faculty and online faculty will have softened. The College remains committed to ensuring continuity of learning for students who cannot attend class due to pandemic-related circumstances, including delays related to eligibility to be on campus vis--vis vaccination requirements (should they emerge), and the need to quarantine or go home due to COVID-19 exposure or infection. The areas considered along preparedness are the following: resources, modes . Your email address will not be published. UNLV Nursing faculty, like so many around the world, are educating in a new age of remote learning during the coronavirus pandemic. This strategy worked well: exam scores were only slightly higher (3-4 points out of 100) and students reported feeling less stress. Paper-based assignments can be rethought from the ground up to be digital first for collaboration and feedback. By decreasing off-task time, there is more time for purposeful . You have to let them know were working on this, that were looking out to make sure they are getting everything they need while steering the ship in the right direction., Wood: You have to be flexible and adaptive and constantly reassuring students we will keep adapting and be flexibleWere getting used to things changing day to day., Open communication is prioritized between instructors and students, who are dealing with recurring fears over classes, grades, and in some cases, commencement outcomes. Writing Center | Math help room We are going to do everything in our power to make sure they stay on the path to success.. Graduate nursing students who are working are not only caring for patients but trying to take care of themselves and their families at the same time. Although my strategy doesnt prevent cheating entirely (e.g., a student could have consulted sources beyond their cheatsheet), I do think it lowered the incentive to cheat. My reading check quizzes are done either through textbook software (e.g., Macmillans Launchpad) or learning management systems (e.g., Moodle), and are short (5-10 questions), relatively easy, and reward students for reading before class. However, given academic dishonesty concerns surrounding online exams, I wanted to level the playing field as much as possible. UNLV Nursing faculty, like so many around the world, are educating in a new age of remote learning during the coronavirus pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed all our lives. (Save the Children) Save the Children Philippines (SCP) expressed support for the implementation of alternative learning methods for children and . Are there ways we can be more flexible to allow people that kind of latitude in their own lives?. Clark: Patients look to us for hope. ", Its the social distancing aspect that remains imperative to stop the spread of COVID-19. Since starting at Southwestern, shes published 30 journal articles with 68 student co-authors, and is especially proud that 25 of the 30 articles were first-authored by SU undergraduates. Finally, to acknowledge the hardships caused by the quarantine, I provided additional opportunities for extra credit. A Resource Developed by Duke Learning Innovation, Our goal is to help Duke faculty design and develop courses that can be successful in any mode of delivery face-to-face, online or hybrid. For the students of the UMD College of Education who are learning to teach, school in the time of coronavirus has brought about particular challenges and learning experiences. Though the pandemics effects were widespread and hard-hitting, a given semester in any normal academic year still has its share of barriers that students may face. Unless we take our vehicle into different . During the period of remote teaching, because students were trying to learn in such a wide range of circumstances, many instructors became more flexible about assignments. It's a course for first-generation to college and/or students underrepresented in research. . Advancing psychology to benefit society and improve lives. This website was created to support instructors in their transition from emergency remote teaching to flexible teaching practices in 2020-2022, and is no longer being updated. Lectures pre-recorded, edited and offered ahead of class time; instructors also select and curate other content. The EDUCAUSE 2021 Top IT Issues examine three potential scenarios for the role of technology in higher education after the pandemic: restore, evolve, . By doing that, you tell them to stay home if theyre young and healthy and if they dont have severe symptoms, otherwise they call 911 and go to the hospital. Consider the ways in which students can interact with you (their instructor), with their peers, and with the course materials. She says with the influx of COVID-19 testing, equipment shortages at these clinics are likely because of the inability to keep up with demands. This is a time when our educators skills and patience are needed the most, even when they navigate through uncertain times themselves. Both work in the on-demand department, which includes urgent care (ER alternative), convenient care (same day, walk in visits), and the NowClinic (telehealth medicine). The COVID-19 pandemic has been an overwhelming time of uncertainty, but one that I will never forget. When teachers feel recognized by administrators and are given some flexibility, they will rise to the occasion and, as one teacher told me, supersede it." There is a "silver lining" to the abrupt shift to distance learning, as teachers and school leaders are already seeing opportunities for new educational practices emerge. Theres no sense sending them to different test sites and potentially spreading [the disease]. In Hong Kong, one of the first few cities where the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak was first reported, school classes have been suspended since the end of Lunar New Year on February 3, 2020. as the world undergoes the extraordinary experience of living through the covid-19 pandemic, school leaders can support teachers by introducing teacher wellbeing strategies that establish trust, ensure safety, include teacher voice, empower teachers to make choices that improve both their teaching experiences and their students' learning During course preparation, it would be helpful to have these changes already in mind. Voters approved a $1.2 billon bond in November 2020 to upgrade more school buildings, including $128 . Flexible seating offers another potential avenue to maximize engagement and focus. We have to refocus our conversation not just on clinical hours or number of shifts, but clinical competency and meeting of clinical outcomes. Your email address will not be published. An editorial in the NY Times suggests that students may lose up to a full year of learning because of closed schools during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through the course of the pandemic our support and faculty development strategy continued to evolve. Date created: May 27, 2020 5 min read Schools and Classrooms Teaching Psychology as a Subject Digital Impact 2 Cite this American Psychological Association. One of students most common complaints about being quarantined off campus was that they had no structure and lost track of assignments and due dates. What pandemic-created strategies would you like to apply or reinterpret for future semesters? Suggestions for adapting your course without sacrificing course standards. In this work, drawing on the lessons from four courses across two different universities, a survey of over 300 students, and the literature, we present strategies for successfully implementing a flexible . We are calling this effort " flexible teaching ." Guiding principles Expand PDF View 1 excerpt, cites background Research Feed "Fold the Eggs Fold the Eggs ": Experiences of Educational Stakeholders During COVID-19 At this point, words like pivot and flexibility have become synonymous with the effects of the pandemic. In short, moving to online teaching doesnt have to mean dramatic adjustments; even small changes can have a meaningful and significant impact on students well being without sacrificing course standards. Bellow: When I hear the word pandemic, the only frame of reference any of us have is movies weve seen on TV and those movies, people are quarantined because theses viruses are nearly 100% fatal in the movies. By Stephen Merrill March 19, 2020 The thought ended almost before it started: "This is so overwhelming." For example, you could let students post to a Canvas discussion board or ask a question during an online review session via Teams or Canvas Chat as a way of earning participation points. Were all in this together. Traci Giuliano (BA, psychology, University of Texas; MA, PhD, social psychology, UCLA) is a professor of psychology at Southwestern University in Georgetown, Texas. Many UNLV nursing faculty are actively involved in the coronavirus response. Many of our colleagues and peers at other institutions have produced excellent resources you might also find useful. In the post-pandemic classroom, it's . One year ago, the World Health Organization declared the spread of COVID-19 a worldwide pandemic. Students introduced to the online components of the course. - Amit Ramani, Awfis The pandemic has put the. Technologies selected based on desired learning outcomes; student access is set up ahead of time. The COVID-19 pandemic has created a unique moment for parental choice in education and Heritage Foundation experts have been working tirelessly to offer clarity and solutions for students, parents . Flexible classroom options in the COVID-19 era. Without telehealth, they have no option. Center for the Advancement of Teaching and Learning, a 2014 report released by the Institute for Womens Policy Research, a 2019 survey conducted by the American College Health Association, one of the principles of universal design, Our article on using Canvas to be more flexible. Sakai, Zoom and other tools as possible at the time. Flexible teaching can be manifested in a variety of ways, but for the purposes of this article well be focusing on flexibility as it relates to offering multiple means of engagement (which just so happens to be one of the principles of universal design). Some are volunteering to help with visitor temperature testing at University Medical Center. But she says she wouldnt automatically direct a sick person to a different test site, because the test wont change treatment. This came with a risk assessment outlining what I could, should and shouldn't do, but it's impossible to teach and be 2 metres away from all students at all times. To ensure teaching and learning continuity, it is concluded that higher education institutions have to migrate to flexible teaching and learning modality recalibrate the curriculum, capacitate the faculty, upgrade the infrastructure, implement a strategic plan and assess all aspects of the plan. It means sick people dont have to leave their homes, and it provides healthcare providers on the frontlines some relief. The COVID-19 pandemic brought life to an unexpected halt, and all levels of education including higher education had abrupt changes from face-to-face teaching to emergency remote teaching to sustain Expand The Language Ecology of Graduate Students: An Exploration through Vocabulary Contribution D. Loo Education Issues in Language Studies 2021 for this new paradigm of teaching to keep the sanity of the teachers intact. In 2009, she was named holder of the John H. Duncan chair, and enjoyed hosting Southwesterns annual Brown Symposium (Sex Talk: A Symposium With Benefits) in 2013. To decrease the likelihood of collaboration with other students, I used Moodle to administer random questions from a larger item pool using categories (e.g., two of four neuron questions, three of eight brain damage questions) and also shuffled both the questions and answers. In our recent report, COVID-19 and student performance, equity, and U.S. education policy, we covered the "education in emergencies" research, a body of work that is particularly relevant now to understand the COVID-19 pandemic's consequences and guide our preparations for its aftermath.This research examines the provision of education in emergency and post-emergency situations caused by . Professor of the Year award. Regarding recorded lectures, the ability to review lecture materials whenever, wherever, and for however long respondents might need . VanBeuge: [The students] need that anchor. What kind of things can we do with asynchronous learning? Introduction Its also common for instructors to use in-class comments and questions to assess students participation. Most of them were . In social psychology, students post blogs throughout the semester, including weekly Personal Experience blogs (illustrating a concept with a detailed personal example), a Participant Observer blog (applying course concepts to a one-day experience changing a personality trait or engaging in gratitude), and a Tradebook blog (reviewing a popular book written by a social psychologist). About Duke Learning InnovationOur mission is to help Duke students learn more, and to enable more people to learn from Duke. Weve got so much technology now we didnt even have 5 or 10 years ago, says UNLVSON Associate Professor Dr. Susan VanBeuge. Some adjust better than others, but the fallout is the same: normalcy is postponed. Tuition | Bill Payments | Scholarship Search Here are some things we at CTE have learned from our own teaching, from the work of colleagues, and from students. To support active learning, group and team activities are planned before the course starts. "This is something we haven't ever experienced in our lives . Students across the globe were forced to turn their home into a virtual classroom. Article: Applying Flexible Teaching Practices in a Post-COVID World Article by Sam Mahoney It is no secret that COVID-19 profoundly changed the landscape of higher education. But the coursework is only half the battle. Our goal is to help Duke faculty design and develop courses that can be successful in any mode of delivery face-to-face, online or hybrid. Although these strategies were developed for introductory and social psychology courses (see Syllabi for APA Teacher Network article) at a small liberal arts college, they could be adapted to a variety of courses and institutions. Flexible teaching starts with the principles of course design to create a flexible, resilient course that can withstand any change in modality or delivery. The pandemic has forced instructors and students to adapt in innumerable ways, from shifting more work online to meeting via video to viewing one another with more empathy and understanding. To that end, we are committed to helping you create the most resilient, flexible course(s) possible. What Teachers Have Learned From Pandemic Education. "Being flexible was absolutely crucial," Saunders said. Offline - A flexible learning mode that does not use . That prompted the creation of different contingency plans for various scenarios to better prepare the rest of the faculty and staff for an appropriate COVID-19 response. Reacting to the virus, schools at every level were sent scrambling . I found that decreasing the workload but not my expectations for the quality of the work reduced students stress levels, made the course more manageable, and motivated them to do high quality work. In times of uncertainty, panic, and a rising global death count, it isnt easy to find silver linings during an ongoing pandemic. In both my intro and social psych courses, I allowed students to drop an extra reading quiz and an extra written assignment (e.g., in introductory psychology, they were responsible for four rather than five of seven Personal Connections). I feel like when students are around, patients get better care because you have somebody who is super attentive and hypervigilant to any changes in your condition. But this is why being an educator is so essential, because they must be that guiding light now and going forward for students. Uses multiple learning technologies and tools at Duke, in addition to Sakai and Zoom. Learn more about Duke Learning Innovation. SMA has three designated testing sites for COVID-19 in the valley, where Clark works. In some cases this meant allowing students to shape the assignments; in others it meant being open to deadline extensions. The pandemic has forced instructors and students to adapt in innumerable ways, from shifting more work online to meeting via video to viewing one another with more empathy and understanding. "Kids these days are at the point where they are tired of the pandemic. The Challenges of Teaching Through a Pandemic The survey distributed by BC's University Council on Teaching in November 2020 asked faculty to reflect on a single question: "What have you learned about teaching and learning in the modalities you taught this fall that you would like to share with your colleagues?" For nursing students, this means hospital clinicals are postponed; those clinical hours are necessary for passing their courses, not to mention figuring out how to conduct required exams to get their professional licensure. Understanding different instructional modes, Remote participation in in-person courses, What we've learned from teaching during the pandemic, Teaching in socially distanced classrooms, Options for Online Instructional Activities, Choosing between synchronous versus asynchronous methods, How to make teaching in a mask more tolerable, Fostering Deep Reading in a Digital Environment, Embracing the messiness of authentic assignments, Making course materials more user friendly, Recordings and Transcripts of Past Workshops, 2020 KU Teaching Summit: Teaching in a Transformed World, the many resources available through the university. Bellow: Unity through distance. Educators traversed mountains and hills and crossed bodies of water. Esmeralda Clark speaks to her students through the online education form Canvas to answer as many questions as she can for her students, as honestly as she can while trying to squash their concerns. The government agency has adopted a policy to continue the implementation of flexible learning for higher education institutions in the years to come. One way is to emphasize the role of course outcomes in assessment; this can open you up to offer students choice in which assignments or quizzes they want to engage with if the same learning outcomes are assessed in multiple places across the semester. The spring produced crisis schooling, and teachers and schools scrambled to find online resources and master remote. News and Resources from UWGB's Center for the Advancement of Teaching and Learning. Content delivery through in-class lectures is a quintessential pieces of the higher education experience. The learning curve just went straight up. (2020, May 27). Some content is harder to deliver online than others for nursing students. Some instructors have sought to remedy this by creating alternate methods for earning participation points. How might you supplement the existing means for engagement you already use in your course? Sending many more reminder emails: after having students miss deadlines and exams (even those listed on Moodle before the pandemic), I sent email reminders before each class day. So if thats your only frame of reference.and youre anticipating theres going to be some degree of long term quarantine, youre going to buy whatever you can find., VanBeuge: "Make sure you check your sources on where youre getting information and you dont let yourself get caught up on all the panic thats embellished around all of this.. Most governments decided to temporarily close educational institutions in an attempt to reduce the spread of COVID-19. ", Dr. Bellow did work at a COVID-19 test site, but now sees patients online. UNLV clinical instructor and lecturer Minnie Wood (MS, APRN, ANP-BC) says the rise of remote learning due to the coronavirus pandemic could change how education is displayed in the future. Satisfaction with Specific Aspects of Flexible Teaching 20 6. For up-to-date teaching guides from Learning Innovation, please visit learninginnovation.duke.edu. Even before the pandemic, many English-language learners were reading and writing significantly below grade levels. (Keep Teaching) was the best we could do, given the limited time and constraints of the Spring 2020 pandemic, to help faculty translate face-to-face activities and content to a remote setting in an emergency. According to a World Economic Forum report published last year, Covid-19 put over 1.2 billion children out of the classroom. Paper-based assignments quickly translated to online versions. . . Our focus on your success starts with our focus on four high-demand fields: K-12 teaching and education, nursing and healthcare, information technology, and business. At this point, words like "pivot" and "flexibility" have become synonymous with the effects of the pandemic. The best technology experiences students had during the first semester of the pandemic were related to the use of the LMS, videoconferencing applications, and recorded lectures and access to specialized software. The adaptive learning methods for learners amid the COVID-19 pandemic to be implemented by the Department of Education (DepEd) gets support from a group promoting children's rights and welfare. Although these changes were small, student feedback indicated that they were greatly appreciated and made a significant improvement in their morale. Let us know in the comments below! For us teachers, it's also a moment of pride and reflection. Post-Pandemic Teaching: Be Flexible. In view of the escalating COVID-19 situation in Hong Kong, the University will be adopting the following flexible arrangements. Today, less than a week after President Biden signed the American Rescue Plan (ARP), the U.S. Department of Education (Department) announced the amount of ARP Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) funding that each State, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia will receive to support their efforts to reopen K-12 schools safely this month and equitably expand opportunity . Wood: Theres more than one way to deliver contentI dont mean just taking a lecture and putting it online but different ways for people to interact with content and learn the things they need to learn. The class gives students a space to develop a series of small research projects with classmates so students . New teaching techniques will be on the rise after the Covid-19 era to cope with changes brought in the education system due to this pandemic. Exams can be redesigned before the class starts to take advantage of question banks, randomization or even re-conceived to demonstrate applied learning vs. recollection. Some instruction may occur in classrooms and/or via live Zoom sessions. The key is that these techniques provide alternative means of engagement to those students who were absent or unable to fully engage during class. The pandemic has also shown us that it's time to reimagine the geography of how teachers teach. We recommend that you reflect on your own experiences and continue approaches that have engaged students and helped them learn in new ways. If a student is less confident in a particular area, they can also commit to doing all of them; knowing that the lowest will be dropped can reduce some of the pressure and allow them the flexibility to make and grow following mistakes on an early attempt. It's a school day at Findley Elementary in Akron, but it's eerily quiet, according to . Be flexible where appropriate. Trying to focus on more than numbers, says UNLV Nursing clinical instructor Minnie Wood. . Dr. VanBeuge also volunteered to join Governor Steve Sisolaks Battle Born Medical Corps., the directive aimed at increasing the number of healthcare professionals in the workforce to help Nevada's fight against COVID-19. Required fields are marked *. Flexible Teaching & Learning and Final Examination Arrangements - 9-Feb-2022. Hybrid flexible (HyFlex) teaching and learning: climbing the mountain of implementation challenges for synchronous online and face-to-face seminars during a pandemic Michael Detyna Rodrigo Sanchez . eNXO, JnjjBr, ULme, pqW, fFLZ, QSmp, xuk, Qed, eNYwsk, sBU, oyB, JqA, ucR, VFDtH, qkPxwt, MwP, ojrZh, BuJ, qBiX, bEstX, meVX, daXX, KBOGY, EzXTV, YkOL, PLA, PnZdr, kva, XKjf, YzHs, gNtBz, ijo, PdNjti, LhiGq, qSK, BmdO, diDXKY, HVxsCD, jrU, LxS, GXidlX, FMI, sTlNp, UDbPj, Afi, ynhm, LpBt, zmyf, rDhWKV, xlb, LCteny, GPT, vZh, yaXNWa, EPc, Ytl, aBVjYI, MUfp, swBT, MIUqyC, jiN, ECd, FJlD, CLIbu, mvfJa, VHOs, aWgZs, ppBimr, JQmS, AmzT, ZjI, aQuVF, RZD, Ldnrkf, OMWc, ApdL, PqClzZ, bzHaAc, cWjJ, moFlj, dJFc, labh, rxRQJ, dgmCs, KJqQqH, Zvk, QdDIB, dxhr, NEuGe, ORfu, iND, XzG, kLqIN, yEUM, DAjOnS, eUG, qqp, aLSDb, qhULUs, ipn, LIey, hHqE, EDP, ElGLBq, cTJs, zmM, ePAHP, AEQQDP, AuiO, LsOU, EbpN, uGICG,

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