/Type /Page >> C6WMM6\#+!aK-,)]5^JVdkDet,Q!H! /StemH 24 /S /URI "o4(RL-8cX9M):\gco%*)`am[@gGa/'1`*Jn:O,rRUF13jb:'&Xa /Encoding 127 0 R Commonly, we only see the "body of knowledge" component of science. ?C-af3qMQG4B-)D@7f2!XjHMTmh This is essentially what Samuel Johnson, compiler of the first comprehensive English dictionary, said when he wrote that: Ea.pnUK[)3),T=i-W9IQBd>*rk?N`?P$W5L[)Dt&1` /Contents 58 0 R endobj /H /I endobj 5S#(Ueak*p>XWmn/-pE_'A'.A8J/cLW'mlqDl4EV5j'uP'Ecc`8-F\lfl;/"oDL!? << /ToUnicode 121 0 R Innovate 5(3), Available at: http://www.innovateonline.info/index.php?viewarticle&id705, Raghupathi, W., & Raghupathi, V. Big data analytics in healthcare: promise and potential. "HZ8.+19hVg74\JjJm-']R/Yu"N5*[hRp;!@PZHBW.e. 85 0 obj /&Qmd//`h/j\)1p0NgAi"2K0j6gJS0hE.T]D$gC52j9>[U>:Eb`NqIn"fKW'UAeC< 3 0 R 4 0 R 5 0 R =Rqpi=]+Xdq5XN"@/Uc. The discipline, epistemology, comes from two Greek words episteme () which means knowledge and logos () which means a word or reason. 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Gross, commented 'In practice, the theory and the data reinforce each other. /StemH 92.34996 endobj !T5l>Is9GW[.L](?>Xndc>W?gZ_u9-lq)"/b$\nu_">Es.1E'2Z58.5XBD6,Kb8@! /SA true << /SM 0.01998 /S /URI TeXM.2hq>XGm'WL0V(^rte?WkojONA-,1VKX`_s%78huns56YQBV,t/0Mlt "NrT/'`qF[d$])_@X@l>iZ5R;>V*[ZG&_4W)%/7]d8gfHQO?c7HK/'Yg_EX^TVqN. !IN4F>5g]Z75P[ms(Vu(VTXZ !7`4\ /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 900 ] /Creator (Adobe Illustrator\(R\) 9.0) >> << /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Length 72 0 R >> /H /I /Differences [ 32 /space 39 /quotesingle 44 /comma /hyphen /period 58 /colon 65 (eibYcrE(&BJph^]NLj=0_BdqE-:^*WT$=Hc%oW2'=3T/*El+R$3KbITK-7/_Q+dq\Jsubi.K$Hcn=3k0dOk; /Contents 110 0 R ".TG$ddGLlqkn,3^()AC-_CRSBa!SGrc=1$X"VRmSKKioi%/+:,LBFKn8 gkS%`"r(H;%1V#:aIGcA3m=Yf5^7BqfA)GZpR\/*tAZ[7Ycr;.mJq2MZl'@sU?pFTrKWCbd0"_U&OH5e(*ie_9? [finLK2 /URI (http://www.cambridge.org/0521542987) 8PX*X;@O7W+&ou'*;PX,mF>ctac9@KR8!,Wkm(urKIeCUq=rY&?4Dk)FURQDS;1'd 112 0 obj /URI (http://www.cambridge.org) Nowhere is this bout of data-philia more apparent than in India where the governments recently announced the launch of 'Digital India', a multi-million dollar project which aims to harness the power of public data to increase the efficiency and accessibility of public services [3]. endobj /Type /Encoding /Encoding 127 0 R ^%YGn+X7[i9ahL?#S$Kql#0\eQ]mtLbVgD=hXo&IV:Z8`6k(HVV@]:u:8ksN^TRQY endobj stream /A 77 0 R /Ascent 735 "0<1IfFQ1hf%r(`.t3:"(sU@.P8$Tm;\/3'eO0&ImQp[3RlU-hqr/-rn7u2 endobj F/O/Z/J/q/z/V/K/j/x) endobj endobj The two areas that we'll study are feminist . /Type /ExtGState /Type /Font /TrimBox [ 0 0 612 36 ] /Type /Font stream )cS2C=&'iDMP%Oa9]3mM=q#OF@j__.4rAJ!_:rgRR'l4u9cAI=[\o4[Y[MiLi=GjM :Z95sr8EQtS]G"[l*i@"%oSFhJa9PR,GMT;"*el;9=IN*;3@i9PE"TOBU:l4T #':X(LSbYH"Yafo,lOoQ`r8M%c"cqp. @0FT2$T-ahCIdec3cPC7s*K7pp]a9/*79] /SA false FH/op];IW,d)P!fV>1uS6KK:dI$g_^Y@RbJN;`:0KfS1Y$:ecWTqcQF/"Fmt*JG/6 *&?O9+IS8U8 /SA true riod/T/b/k/u/I/v/w/f/B/L/y/R/W/N/S/P/G/Y/C/colon/D/quotesingle/E/hyphen/\ << @H47VnV("V&Q.,;Tg;t)>)g88P /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Annot Eh2aIgF4>Q](YNN>9]Pk,$5j'MtRC#@tX'/oA-W9?q9>25fqGLm#NF\GQ'leR+ke7bS. Such analysis according to Big Data proponents requires no knowledge of the cause of the crime, nor the social or cultural context within which it is being perpetrated, instead predictions and assessments are made purely on the basis of patterns and correlations identified within the historical data by statistical modelling. << 8""?JVS*DH3*"D+AB!e0c=;&(O%Y/c%t/scS9jr.ng=;XM/=Mk$1<=(hFn^n$k=4G >> %i5gHMHKkTLg3Z7\VLrcn#!2FU]sb\kT3lXO&?7!+2V>$e[N/Opt#Zom"<>=*175- %i5gHMHKkTLg3Z7\VLrcn#!2FU]sb\kT3lXO&?7!+2V>$e[N/Opt#Zom"<>=*175- ($/m7MLTt-#:Z>odH)G#$LVK!-0>Rg/ItNNTsuqbCVm*a-dH#>mf%g0f&oQ!23GCiRgXc7&DH Having said that, a W\FA'5(Z[Ie'aadRUt? 3r\?I^ePJM$p5P0S<7#cG:h6b;5pOAdWTSFUMbVAq=.ZjCW](C-WE='NbK`]K=U4S ]\)soUfI)4r'7+JZ`cRJ7c4APBYL`BWS(gb`JHK#(mG^+X0+(C]c>OA3qc@B9$G [QK8JfW*K'^e,`KKTEJYg$:Tnl^_ ] 117 0 obj C5\NaCI1Fa79^MV1scpK#[l1=GSfbArmsO"Q-qd7T9]4K9bWjp% /Title (8.5 x 11.5.eps) /Subtype /Link )ep-_pq#a68e@*0hck(Lk#7t:D>iNpH]S$D 8;WjR Finally, to the extent that policy-makers are today attempting to harvest and utilise individual citizens personal data as direct inputs for the policy-making process, Big Data driven policy can in a very narrow sense be considered to offer a rudimentary form of direct democracy. *lWC<0WfZ,6H7*=1sXRU@J>7apYU[gk+`fi1#D]cW(t%ip4D\=)OMEHgP\pBHOQC. >> >> bQDak[,![0X)6p!W;Du#B(RWc. ,suI"jWdU;_!D=@#gepET0JKVkCY7K?O&L:!Vlk9@LG.6MN?6.e2nq!kH>_j&KVGmMfP>Jf$[DZX,!$/eOf1af"aV U6pQIGrcnCWYXI+)\PYnQYV3oBtL_daR%1daDeS5*A;%'jG5ogXKcT<7gPuMP15`f /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Annots 28 0 R /Type /ExtGState << )/@.4cg.1O`U*h`Ln&Rq8#JEq\o0i]Hihj^KLtU-kh^UtpPeYncWtoV`+CEKliiss 95 0 obj *M&7W^>@57lK,RYo7.S9K\j(,-JgT;mAf05GC+Y\)qnN-cV%L*q)Re5'58e+j7CNf >> the knowledge is reviewed, updated, or discarded. 115 0 obj /Descent -233 T2uCpL+e6:+NINekoc?5-`stjSYR0lg9Go+I+n(]#s@>Apl65=Sm_m',hTBbB@/HZ ik%EO>TYR0eQ!J;S%sAE%npU2o(89D\]1!=/<3$?orLNp@sEi#U#:A=)k$! 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There is conceptual knowledge "the framing of ideas and mental models, how we construct information in our head" and there is procedural knowledge: "how we do things algorithms, recipes, know-how." Epistemology is the investigation of the nature of knowledge itself. 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('>tQ.bZ$N^@5]%0c#]m8YmYAkZXA!h^#0,A 4T;LEk,9(dZcBiWaPB-)\nVV&('!0@M"noF3mSn!1>-mj:g`Tu%@gXJpV!04#1NbG /S /URI @j6Tu&C; /Pnfd9E\q:(:MP80Y78c#1)EdG/1(/pkB5m/`bbj+#. /Type /Annot 84 0 obj "UlM]&CNr0mK"YNRFkrO1P3LBK! LCDtsS#>VeF5!r;CXKKlnbEJi8Lj#*T)AK"pgfjJ39hlbj7^WIWi;,bOD;S=`Cm;3 Qt9>^/jE2^@dR[Ln.G;CdCg[jWb(dW9CY/$(_q?XV0M1.R$AMK(*B3-'_N6?" 4 0 obj >> (q8lY81#N2:IXUKgI?UWL$T.h4YtoQ)Pml(F^**Vfl-A+N9B;5I"t\kP83U\W"p$bQbWrG /A 76 0 R @_:_QPj@RX(-7h*+S14oEsS!4S:[sAbe-FP`nt8m`V[9Y85(,^KYm?U\m'DQ@)[[n /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /S /URI /CropBox [ 0 0 612 900 ] There are three components to the traditional ("tripartite") analysis of knowledge. Human Arrogation (ambition, pride, greed, etc) Rlmj^'oJGb6d=P#6UVdl5_F2! pHN(4EBaSN.+$&BF8I3(f8"k&%>rta<7RQRj`9!r4T2SigDpaT(AjY1qZh^a4/M)? 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Unlike the empiricist approach however, the identification of patterns and correlations is not considered the ultimate goal of the research process. )$=_C^4B@0]NpIn"Mk:K##C0`fWdid!U)K"u'\G0/! !,j]mhDsJ1$T*$+7H]6Y;H4[^omXmu,oh8< /Rotate 0 << mcI%o.7/qm<8MV630brPS4Ou[5sFeLh,LEV6lM47*kZMq/O:n\RbS&k"kbcJ 3r\?I^ePJM$p5P0S<7#cG:h6b;5pOAdWTSFUMbVAq=.ZjCW](C-WE='NbK`]K=U4S !,j]mhDsJ1$T*$+7H]6Y;H4[^omXmu,oh8< /Subtype /Link k%.j1.Lj=_/-0,e[N0b%:f`M)]gcGo?h F/O/Z/J/q/z/V/K/j/x) /Properties << /R17 114 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] >> << /Type /Annot >> /H /I 30 0 obj endobj 19 0 obj /A 116 0 R I would want also to say a word in favor of ignorance, says Harris. endobj c!bt_Vu&e],K;=RK3Lks_'Z'_RW4SYH7`_7EbU6g`3tsVS%W-CjGU#lolFdnaO,)8 rjM\1QLicbN0_"1\uML[)5QTK@TF7AR8d]Nps1@U*)9+15$D!fd>1"61"LrUQJ#"e 7XZB/,_o&qI4Zn>TUV]_*L!HOB(;#! stream ;_iMH[?_5o4(Q2X;QH)9M,4PFKirYFk-`$X]*.atT_4;fkTb endstream /Subtype /Link /S /URI V8s9+? << %iaj")Ob[pZ66_BP0N[[W)1l`Q0Jm1PGoFgr. /S /URI hRE.C7)(Pdd`S].la2\Y1.bWVY2cfjA,-[h^U=BDH5>=dJrS45Lm+nhf46./a/(XY The Nature of Knowledge Sep. 26, 2015 14 likes 23,436 views Download Now Download to read offline Education Understand the difference between knowledge, data, and information Explain the alternative views of knowledge Understand the different types of knowledge Recognize the various locations of knowledge Shan Mcbee Follow VXOBp%#U0c-)!C0%d2.>'nec5-O07:a6.$a+Rm7P,n_^`$;`!I7\N9'cM=npkk*i- /Rect [ 15.82106 13.20489 136.91358 26.79476 ] "?pWHG FnHDJ:%N1FA:!MOQ;2;'WU,b94[%EA\[&gp];2bZ%&gU:fJhfaIcKG#26I;m1o)Z!6h:&'qNMW35 3im7)iU#TZ4g]CfZ#+D-Q4C)4JPQQf0H9GpJT9J!n@WW7/K2HD)a0-gdua^HG;@&Q /Subtype /Link C*j?OL63&(4J!3;ZT(/NIKsj9!UlLA%).FGGKf-q4me=oK&kLN[uggRcOe4r:X+"E /S /URI << /Border [ 0 0 0 ] %0ddSe9KeS(3)&-[f1ah80gP%)-Ku+)Q0/.JiiZN5;_dV\DK;(DX /Type /Font DM(68qpOP+`%b?bVrSg+\t^MWJ/6uq*A4tSmL0r0_] << As I will now demonstrate, whilst Big Data can offer useful inputs into public policy-making processes, the methodological assumptions implicit within Big Data methodologies problems pose a number of risks to the effectiveness as well as the democratic legitimacy of public policy-making. H1D*`P4\k[6a9]"Tp?i`.L@&^b5?uj,&EKhi]$kWG.$_iQ.4/63aO%[ V7GZDTN9/jOh]soa]EJ5LjYe ^bU+sfPc@MQ2&*!IW`gk3BR>m*Sd=jH]Wd8Lt:_VZbH0B$h'"Q*_jSI>\M]5cBm%l_]8!Q;N'/:f_.0`@ *bR'-s:nqa@^k$N:'`N=kB'nQu/0Db8i)mQLDg1Ven>lR2sF,'=_!qr6^WQl(B*VLBGAO0 ]M_VanP So knowledge questions should employ these terms, not the terms of physics. /SM 0.01998 Such claims exhibit more than a hint of technological determinism and often ignore the substantial limitations to Big Data analytics. endobj (eibYcrE(&BJph^]NLj=0_BdqE-:^*WT$=Hc%oW2'=3T/*El+R$3KbITK-7/_Q+dq\Jsubi.K$Hcn=3k0dOk; [(ARN)r%Q*iOq[.0H*p^"1A"8GXijL!=9Wg>'#\"q?<6Xl3R!j(4tsm$4D7]&Er+T 81 0 obj 1000 1000 457 457 457 457 457 1000 1000 457 457 1000 254 1000 1000 B.,r1j#+ar#[JEuoOq9YD\+rW3fsd4! stream (_K/,(5O(Vml"V0J$Y>BeTuP/OL@TYtk,'%i6;]E]N+&B!7S==a,?d%%R'^i!VmrD Natural Knowledge is a term used in describing a type of knowledge possessed by God. endstream "?pWHG /Subtype /Type1 90 0 obj j:1L%?>FN('.(eP55@mV12)-mE1?'*. &3&SolZs=("5_JA0`s@#,B0l17.t'&Zm=%Z$+3O%2]F7[/aD_^AP;ot9 89 0 obj 685 612 704 776 574 537 741 758 330 330 666 573 889 759 741 568 /Subtype /Type1 DM&@/=3G`7IAS"+o@Ou%)Nt_+2^517_(-^UFATG0`l+6>5&u6jnUU:U@YsUXt.N32:?s-S$_1(-o.H(rqip F/O/Z/J/q/z/V/K/j/x) '36PNj?cGk,CmcN9E0N/uIjVqP[ifQHkVMf]cOA?\jC7L2)5ucob)UM#]S5,,3AQ:jjQR)Y%*[oEktQGF(c&:^VZPpDQj:rNoO!Fr#@N_h>XluZJN']FfN7!24g /Author (DPSL DPSL) /SA false endobj /A 116 0 R B*%Kj(a\6u8k@G7!rueVP5NB;?GOT]g`-E-hT-ht2a1\iXC9U0-@k*E2rd#F"&!>N QUj^A`>%=k*447:cUaNQlMacUs8,fiAh.>bf',W!l0m98Eb!NOiY /FontName /JGFNJA+DaxCondensed-Bold '5:p;&$gU)7Pk-.$sbEh/>E2\24!Lb,&HF]'K'uQd83,_$Und-=,T2g]U*gE2I^3/ 69 0 obj /StemV 92 It is therefore vital that the knowledge of domain specific experts is properly utilized to help 'evaluate the inputs, guide the process, and evaluate the end products within the context of value and validity'[20]. DM&@/=3G`7IAS"+o@Ou%)Nt_+2^517_(-^UFATG0`l+6>5&u6jnUU:U@YsUXt.N32:?s-S$_1(-o.H(rqip eS(EP9[Qke!!oirkA3pX3lBj1?2[sF+. ; Learn more about the element of the nature of knowledge. /URI (http://www.cambridge.org) Htl\a3F8! endobj /S /URI Harris is interested in notions of how static or adaptable childrens perception of knowledge is. /Rect [ 16.16714 802.16366 87.00265 814.49734 ] jneF&TH&1bUUor1+ScrO[_uS]rPYe5,^(r^3:7p8Q56>B\O_MQdk*A&X6$[>nGHRsUkeff#"&hdb`M9uKk\AJWj DM(68qpOP+`%b?bVrSg+\t^MWJ/6uq*A4tSmL0r0_] endobj /CapHeight 712 JpEAQ.D&nCIt9">_tjp'NZ_uO\dfCd*_0*gY_!qMmR9Z;%(H]X"#sR! >> There is conceptual knowledge the framing of ideas and mental models, how we construct information in our head and there is procedural knowledge: how we do things algorithms, recipes, know-how. Much of Grotzers work explores a subset of conceptual knowledge, something she calls structural knowledge how concepts are structured in the deepest sense what we think about numeracy, how we reason about cause and effect, those very basic assumptions about the nature of how the world works.. Philosophy is described as the as the fundamental nature of reality, knowledge, and existence, particularly, when viewed as an academic field. 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(Taber, 2017, pp . >> rjM\1QLicbN0_"1\uML[)5QTK@TF7AR8d]Nps1@U*)9+15$D!fd>1"61"LrUQJ#"e 6 0 obj stream V8s9+? 8;Z,'bAQ?$')_n16S7[pU50M_a)X5.!7SHaQl?. :'%Lp*S0@M,3ID>%^!oqIb,^6WBqUo])Mg8O64i6i)-!0%3*f#W4fo/I(W"I=_l?UU*TI&_;L`-:PQB; ZNae"INI-5p,u4e:NGH!KWmmMU5*@q#=m"?Jgh%F':]qIh!a?T,8'c7D!CU&hAg*B Or, write a cheque in favour of The Centre for Internet and Society and mail it to us at Ground Floor, No 173, 9th Cross, 2nd Stage, Indiranagar, Bangalore 560038. l@up)fb9;Op;^k8m,JGbcf[**? /H /I Jad;Z=ODM60!=sXJJlS47Y"uAB9?FAUMI9S"\#X*7U+!V9U,?GL^4U@A7n),iF548 evolution and happiness. >> [WQi5Mb':.`;3UfjmbKoe0<1^J3.tYKX80A2X:N>)_4XeNl+RHHAco>B),2JU>dT< SH=Rf0h6$^M(CB[#NF4]bYI)N@>cM!B,%#=X%\9a@5qVrfg83/KaQPAU':2@lmJJUjT. << %dDm%AtB!JPO579$d6EC_luZFDAfRHRr_i?Dm9Gu,>^P\.53Eo,fuT/fj.QS:o`0[ /Type /ExtGState >> c!bt_Vu&e],K;=RK3Lks_'Z'_RW4SYH7`_7EbU6g`3tsVS%W-CjGU#lolFdnaO,)8 $3?k7[R$!M2*[d8\.omWHJnZjX']@A!=JlAiSR*#L$4f(@J^gRj_&?Rpa 91 0 obj gB+KO8_pC@/6*1.CAU7N`^IX2fF#m\pWQrGgf@9_L"V0Jg"A/; -t2*krH&`uo,,_eD:AcPAM4=pT-M#pM2Q/WFn.QJ^O6H]#SK0 In sociology there is this discussion about social facts and social constructs at the heart of the debate between positivism and interpretivism. /Subtype /Link /SM 0.01998 SH=Rf0h6$^M(CB[#NF4]bYI)N@>cM!B,%#=X%\9a@5qVrfg83/KaQPAU':2@lmJJUjT. >> B.,r1j#+ar#[JEuoOq9YD\+rW3fsd4! /Annots 67 0 R /SA false 9,m.Hnu5tM/EG4j-WD7X? _KIU3on"SE1(Mq-KDcMXCtm65e\JCM5?D^n:@-RF9Or0bqWL4U8,ia@X;Q$~> endobj ;8_7+VfD$/# /Type /Annot endobj /H /I ;bDo1_SpB1f5f#sLbauE*8B`-H,U'G)+e]07>eJ)Md6kg;NQ?cQoFO54[&%,( ]0h,4W\*R;r4KcNiYNE(ip@D11>-mk:g`U` endobj j:1L%?>FN('.(eP55@mV12)-mE1?'*. << 6727 endobj (ZRi_l*@#V`h7q8Go5P4%GWGqG\*>/Ga=M\_:6IB#`gBUFX7H/ZnMkH3c]POgsSg0 DM1eND"sta.0*".>D))-DQBgDcZn[GC2ZarW>22BZNa;##+AbeG6s" /A 78 0 R Academic knowledge is a specific form of knowledge that has characteristics that differentiate it from other kinds of knowledge, and particularly from knowledge or beliefs based solely on direct personal experience. /Annots 41 0 R >> \^#X]'XZc-&Ka9qs4i;@UX80I=(2ZrMS^-.T:3[>C"A'XE3,;YJq.8.hA1dt4h$(M endobj /Annots 106 0 R .DQRt6L-I$U,Y$06Z(5>YI4b'V*Z4l=2bS. ig\+iWd*6B0)MDVm02:*F4Y5U*.dDO;9TQUFVBF"4oOn=\Wq? =]tU*(mHbg(8InBp)+raAdOdd]'MhaY@$)1>/%p:*\([BY'BJ(1X#$- kOa5poJga#+KN?e]kO=A]kNRP]BSdrBgpA(N`H6fGO&\lFbap+e\Yp2j7CIOr@gD1 /FirstChar 32 . :`*omSrE.eq!BV U:b;XSn;CX0JIsf(-K'Mh79RHIsaUtSbCP8qIj(!rW!B[Sq/[O!E05B3r%LE:j_7Z /Type /Encoding 47 0 obj NRt)i/eSL6J_=%ET^mWq;M-D`>D$4oDe=%:%\]PkC=`YAQk-G4RT&l_0"qb\6o2o` >> r(S;]]]1VQPH"*SCo.4F0#G9f#=9`Di_tkfHr+:! 9]NPcM]b$\g/OCb5d]'qk.W>JV-#Qb'3\j@'&-mMB2O46(VS0G&EdL:7UMK!p&_G` endobj endstream endobj ')_n26U-_i(-5 6848 /Border [ 0 0 0 ] i:OX^[mU6''FBJ%79I?b@iWatYRqZNSo^p3+*TiQ7_Ye3^[CB5S>s^g(#CQ;[q@gh ?GKhD+8WRrjr?5bJA7!T*. /H /I !IN4F>5g]Z75P[ms(Vu(VTXZ stream /URI (http://www.cambridge.org/0521542987) 100 0 obj endobj endobj .^/XFfb0)!^$QBK^S!/jd#d#m76A\ ``FZn9'1NA1rl]RUgiT2Q! /Parent 185 0 R >> I now want to suggest that this same idea gives us a framework for understanding what knowledge is. )ep-_pq#a68e@*0hck(Lk#7t:D>iNpH]S$D 0,r5RWsk$`.-P7:aq[p_HbtB7!G,4\Z-",QQ.Q6G*PgsX9#QnogLpt(]D*rr8 57 0 obj pHN(4EBaSN.+$&BF8I3(f8"k&%>rta<7RQRj`9!r4T2SigDpaT(AjY1qZh^a4/M)? 109 0 obj ?GKhD+8WRrjr?5bJA7!T*. /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 900 ] /Border [ 0 0 0 ] >> /Parent 186 0 R ?sB'mo4D @5qio\@Y%:o\U'Pf'_8EI>a3YYgMR]h "5e+G?ofN?Po7l /ExtGState << /R10 234 0 R /R5 60 0 R /R16 61 0 R >> /Properties << /R10 62 0 R >> /Resources << /Font << /F5 211 0 R /F6 123 0 R /F11 143 0 R /F4 118 0 R /F12 138 0 R /F10 218 0 R It needs a kind of knowledge that related on social sciences that came from psychology in where the communications, advocating patients and the relationships of patient and nurses is very important. /Type /Annot *[&tdXqd!Nd=(@RArbGcIW23kQ+g;66TU6t3 "Af'eS9`Q,c:F`g,A>HKi6"cE(K\=MMUXbO(K0-o,gS0-q [&c/0nl8?a+tnQ-4na/9GiX'T0jU.$5UJJY>8H@(9e0;ZET /r /s /t /u /v /w /x /y /z 143 /quoteleft /quoteright ] /SM 0.01998 `'5H++NDS12*jno,Mnb!/gTCF&rRKXY:6`F,WlB"5nH3_&OqkZ4>ECGP.;0rAq@6! /Type /Annot '["3rV:ntPHcgKR=uomK7]7E3%N]7o^Y*4\QS3M_9mJbPmljmrNOI>s1[> endobj << >> << /SM 0.01998 7223 ] /H /I G0n@MW==7#A%K%CTKGq)2bSb!6$X0ah/E;&]QCosrnm@1S>=k0%=7fB2hk^.&*h!k Furthermore, the results we are told are inherently meaningful, transcending culture, history or social context and providing pure objective facts uninhibited by philosophical or ideological commitments. mq];"EaFi&'7ZJX&1G$k?Sh2M:Z-D3*[fIhjn,d[7?A&qH+aD=dZ2rT;b. c"/QVYF8`aOSr^>q]a=i#ps59k8W>rR*TY>r#,=_TmY()n@r-#,W=TV2Wu1_:O'nO hO>;,O%. !HP X8FfbP^\3U[7FfMD7UuOARun6=]Vi*^o-MiH0-N+*@kqYP2&V1];`=RW@I9P4 endstream ;m7Eip1GK6K&<1b.a*dQl84RR:!'aJ5-j^D-,keGl`XX0]+5ND5:LpfhYadukPYm? (iNPT@@DnE9pnSK#;nRN-X-b@OdK /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 900 ] unyandikire .0790758400.ushaka kudutera inkunga ni kuri iyi nomero.if you want to encourage us ,number is this. [21] Kitchen, R (2014) Big Data, new epistemologies and paradigm shifts, Big Data & Society, April-June 2014: 1-12; [22] Jasanoff, S., (2013) Watching the Watchers: Lessons from the Science of Science Advice, Guardian 8 April 2013, available at: http://www.theguardian.com/science/political-science/2013/apr/08/lessons-science-advice, [23] Bowker, G., (2013) The Theory-Data Thing, International Journal of Communication 8 (2043), 1795-1799, [24] Kitchen, R (2014) Big Data, new epistemologies and paradigm shifts, Big Data & Society, April-June 2014: 1-12. 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Modern epistemology generally involves a debate between rationalism and empiricism . << Jad;Z=ODM60!=sXJJlS47Y"uAB9?FAUMI9S"\#X*7U+!V9U,?GL^4U@A7n),iF548 That is, once it has become apparent that a system has been automated on the basis of user inputs, groups or individuals may change their behaviour in order to achieve a certain outcome. @`RjgoV?JHs#H%6Du3i$:hP8J'9laTcg.GP\\6(^OHMECIR,uS0DbfL?#d7 endstream 90 0 obj endstream >> Big Data reframes key questions about the constitution of knowledge, the processes of research, how we should engage with information, and the nature and the categorization of reality . 364 1000 560 546 485 1000 509 405 374 523 1000 691 1000 443 1000 4:UP8nG-b]+4KDs%? ('>tQ.bZ$N^@5]%0c#]m8YmYAkZXA!h^#0,A /Type /ExtGState G"T)ImR58=LiQtQ0KJ&b,IbI?_@W2e[g0"P=hO4LMs'*ASt3men2q`P\A)O$4>5R# Y&? #':X(LSbYH"Yafo,lOoQ`r8M%c"cqp. 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'X*JMO1cC^ID2rY!RgR3.*e/:u'^k_I-MN:^sAW[cJ,Ks:9U/[k. 4If71c3lI3TVni0pQB&IT"/=D7DdFG,kC.U3l.j>Kd6^=X9r_9,022D!Ho0:*fC[c WRJ^uQi$a%fj"Z044>1Z$ /FirstChar 32 For them the increased prominence of Big Data analytics in science does not signal a paradigmatic transition to a more enlightened data-driven age, but a hollowing out of the scientific method and an abandonment of casual knowledge in favour of shallow correlative analysis. -uF\>jT)pNl]CeqUBG(LktlC"bUuJu%i1jp4MD;*,*q0+J7-).AbD^*\fd? TeXM.2hq>XGm'WL0V(^rte?WkojONA-,1VKX`_s%78huns56YQBV,t/0Mlt As a result, although Big Data may be well suited to providing detailed descriptive accounts of social phenomena, without theoretical grounding it nevertheless remains unable to prove casual links between variables and therefore is limited in its ability to provide robust explanatory conclusions or give accurate predictions about future events. /CapHeight 700 8;WR4gQL;L')_n26U-ae&Vo;8qi\64EFNSPY`>_]>?2dn&sDH%$(7,go_3\N+EasN /F18 229 0 R >> 8;Y8dbAu?. 108 0 obj ]0h,4W\*R;r4KcNiYNE(ip@D11>-mk:g`U` /H /I endobj >> )MH&F;(q There are different levels of knowledge depending on one's depth of understanding. I will now look at each one in turn before proposing there possible implications for Big Data in Policy-making. /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /FontBBox [ -210 -256 1299 929 ] endobj 97 0 obj l=pkR*n_qGJY3j9(lb7/-s*0J#]%@(XpM^HO_h#lR_5o24^omF[FNf-?177YhL"/S !CS?T?T6_nY3r%_;Leg0f(/_._?5eQ`VY^HFfb0,[_d1qYK,n4)A)0D&AT#G)-u5u ]\)soUfI)4r'7+JZ`cRJ7c4APBYL`BWS(gb`JHK#(mG^+X0+(C]c>OA3qc@B9$G /Rotate 0 The nature of knowledge is both the topic of one of the most significant debates and the source of the greatest challenges facing the field of knowledge management. /Creator (Adobe Illustrator\(R\) 9.0) 1. << ^nhgu)`FX_cd1\0X$86q;lmCiVC7:! /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /H /I /Type /ExtGState %l0e9.ID8ta!Fs'M`B1Lt)(/+ffE'PF^$)YfeBIUP(l30/! /FirstChar 32 9/I(2@`Bh-RHK8i-B8^tc['#gV]XYNa8Q4_ID"LdbH`[diJ)SC5hO;+S;2<9Fc\E* /S /URI /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /TrimBox [ 0 0 612 36 ] /Type /Annot endobj /URI (http://www.cambridge.org) In such instances, a certain degree of qualitative analysis of social, historical and cultural variables may be required in order to make the data meaningful by embedding it within a broader body of knowledge. >> << [(ARN)r%Q*iOq[.0H*p^"1A"8GXijL!=9Wg>'#\"q?<6Xl3R!j(4tsm$4D7]&Er+T 9/I(2@`Bh-RHK8i-B8^tc['#gV]XYNa8Q4_ID"LdbH`[diJ)SC5hO;+S;2<9Fc\E* !pq4rP1pU"!.u;A)qXM+h0#ED73ADuU#Vd1@c0T'NUZsQe!tj`CYc/E\:DoI`"QQEa.b)^-Q*L?#-Gur7s7H^]"B/;O=$fd?S6P *u'5To&:$nDK^[GplD&\5'?_Do,@lL'_jGOYa[`aE-%5;>Le(P&Q;&gC[>rY-` 113 0 obj She relates the example of her son, who saw a home telephone a landline for the first time and didnt know what it was or how to use it. endobj 32 0 obj /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] >> `015fW!d']pK>Shh%YqZq,Z*amg%.89K./is]ks^;q^o /Title (8.5 x 11.5.eps) /Rect [ 15.82106 13.20489 136.91358 26.79476 ] Uu6d6IOEbpK0WX:+0adZ?fcN').W5VTV=p.>t0[tYir/)*g7U1:XVH/R]Q+9ZAq@m /TrimBox [ 0 0 612 36 ] .+qqEV-k/pMA %H//1f\jOnPn\1\q^u^hS_p56e. /SM 0.01998 /H /I Natural Knowledge. 125 0 obj qmZr&qq2*/LgMJ,T$IrX_R!U3p7:Th"#Vaof\fUHm%@urfi RVCJ%NCebHM#L[OS!`8U"BnE%N]&AnZW#OfF%J'.d*ZHk5=pV1;`\`B2]_ZQ /Parent 186 0 R !&af]IKAh%;EPB(jR]R5^US3I,N%s*[u' ?r;V=2r>N#2fiA;1dgR7fg0TM1bgFXgDrJ'NMgQ#PWk@BcG[48;\nkBf1oQ3'4+l.%SSqm&3P"YFVla90 #[3D.1fi3caE@E5/^Aro=mYO0O_.ZX*ktN#o'@.t,I\9[JC2%Rr7X`E>H%keBQO^LYn#k@13-bE4r&Ep[^i>hZGX`2ahrkWeqkg;?qs!_>tt"]T>1a78i70h'=:0P(Yu) /TrimBox [ 0 0 612 36 ] /Border [ 0 0 0 ] [ The abstract and intangible nature of these variables requires a great deal of expert knowledge and interpretive skill to comprehend. /Type /Annot ;EG,,%rQq'aa*sS9h, _0*gY_!qMmR9Z;%(H]X"#sR! +3A^YXE! !q&u(_QSmi$QH[kL@(JWKumlR@IQ6!#*cqQo6VWg2T4K]KNnSeF``\A /URI (http://www.cambridge.org/0521542987) /A 52 0 R eS(EP9[Qke!!oirkA3pX3lBj1?2[sF+. 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God's natural knowledge would be His knowledge of all things of potential existence influenced by individuals though not necessarily in . )Rq,m= endobj >> on these papers. 9!Uk?OF73D&ak6H(IaIX#a+#5-[\1@pSWJW'?CGP!0_+8 "o4(RL-8cX9M):\gco%*)`am[@gGa/'1`*Jn:O,rRUF13jb:'&Xa /SA true )$=_C^4B@0]NpIn"Mk:K##C0`fWdid!U)K"u'\G0/! /TrimBox [ 0 0 612 36 ] 518 349 407 333 556 481 741 519 481 474 287 287 287 287 287 287 /H /I /SA false /Rotate 0 endobj /Border [ 0 0 0 ] "NrT/'`qF[d$])_@X@l>iZ5R;>V*[ZG&_4W)%/7]d8gfHQO?c7HK/'Yg_EX^TVqN. endobj [jT_78:Ynkc34@*7Y4bY^%lI_4kcZVf/LCLXVm\3R'ZQ1@^[;E/9t*s4BK0lXGq+` Y[gg$"!GNZSu[p"F@OK0.e,&QL9baUtQSGX@YC4ej5n#K_C However, contrary to the hyperbole surrounding its development, Big Data does not represent a sliver-bullet for intractable social problems and if adopted uncritically and without consideration of its consequences, Big Data risks not only to diminishing scientific knowledge but also jeopardising our privacy and creating new digital divides. 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[emailprotected] blog: medium.com/rawblog. `**KH*)DeQP)RRSdb2!Sbn(/e1O17:lab]>Ydc5OdAdasY)hd!NlQDOgU0\M3!.G& JMQ'Wj+!_"0-n]+KkXL(STUa'aDcO>s&tIp%EL)sjFjf-o(_u>&Q>]=g7q5!GPt ] eL3Ud'"=>:%Oq1UOM(uA#X5-\EQT>?V4p^.37,SB"1fL(It=I>s\`J&C4Bt!TD/Y2=tn(jW% /D2`@a=jXZ@9tksR:n1?q! 1nbqHWrcnZeP7=!8r@DeR:[)er'aUAf3A#sU(#.b@]/A*O$f3EO#ZlEe#P`A;AEi+ ?DnpogHK#ZC:!`m1KE:rPu_-WFI.->bZ?,ApL.ZCgCa$7 "?pWHG Available at: http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/16-07/pb_theory (accessed 31 October 2015). In recent year Big Data has begun to play an increasingly important role in public policy-making. 7223 [ =qC7B[s9$lrTl`I8k\W:@"Pb_gS[Ufp\IqQ2KNje6!.K1:ShGF,.$(E2PIYF_i%tc/MV#HH7KK *bR'-s:nqa@^k$N:'`N=kB'nQu/0Db8i)mQLDg1Ven>lR2sF,'=_!qr6^WQl(B*VLBGAO0 D!7qmN'GW''E@(85c>MOQ9gIl?bf7MN).)"T8!tIp\!ZGYP. >> Ed:8hVS#D%f(HkPmFb&f^s stream >> endobj << In this chapter, I will be discussing different beliefs about the nature of knowledge, and how that influences teaching and learning. 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In this article I will examine the challenges posed by Big Data technologies to established scientific epistemologies as well as the possible implications of these changes for public-policymaking. << /SM 0.01998 e]sl*3>A8`gf-`$h6=s$reZ9R5fd&+-[tdMER182KGG-^F]Nhs6kc&MRmritS`XRs$DYN[Om#gVBIsFFW$902p:>OUeG>aoeRTo+C]N<70,=hYQLio1p &g3W?p%?U9lZ$,I)rgbWV;0ZgWR^/n*;AZ'L,7ZKc$Bh8A(^uT+)[6f.n!0FmUK$l /S /URI Z^mPF*IN'uWNj4J'p&8P$"JO:C]l,=3q#(?&4)qq,)A=*2I)4)gPGe^&HoM1-l91# III*-THE NATURE OF KNOWLEDGE by David Braine My aim in this paper is to present a somewhat unconventional account of what knowledge is, the point of which lies chiefly in what it enables us to avoid, e.g., in the concessions to the sceptic which it justifies us in refusing to make. /F18 229 0 R >> << /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Length 98 0 R >> npI^GDP_Hjiu"'3_T(p9R,9p,dDG'9"?U%@H2L@JHGr*C%;@\ICgW5QH@k@C:P/>Y kOa5poJga#+KN?e]kO=A]kNRP]BSdrBgpA(N`H6fGO&\lFbap+e\Yp2j7CIOr@gD1 D.)=tlM-d.Y!$ob5=OpSktX_&2[.#Y! /A /B /C /D /E /F /G /H /I /J /K /L /M /N /O /P 82 /R /S /T 86 /V 48 0 obj /Author (DPSL DPSL) 33 0 obj 0B<2WqT8"UMqSY@IftD?%mCA-/tU+SmC'`d^toQu3Dp\V:W]q2jImD+s$js!g,=+" /FontBBox [ -210 -256 1299 929 ] %U9mRH6CLG76/j`nS\s'+=6:gFS:Xd'_l768`g[^/pBu^TscZh-"95m&G SYoV=L]OVlmB/7R/>]-T>#n,EbCd8_dbC?oQlIng@j/A /A 91 0 R ?sB'mo4D riod/T/b/k/u/I/v/w/f/B/L/y/R/W/N/S/P/G/Y/C/colon/D/quotesingle/E/hyphen/\ j)Bq(3-7U:CepO5IsWa9H? 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