It is said that the many wars that the state fought forced it to use a lot of wood, which was the mainstay of the arms industry at that time, and there were plenty of scrap pieces in small pieces, which were sent to carpenters and craftsmen who in turn manufactured decorative pieces in simple geometric shapes. The Muslims built it from the remains of an ancient Roman fortress. Marks, Richard and Williamson, Paul, eds. 11 chapters | [30] Writers over the last decades have attempted to salvage meaningful distinctions between the words from the confused wreckage of historical sources. Pangeos The New Super Structure Proposed For Saudia Arabia, The "Arab Village" in Zhejiang, China realizes the dreams of more people. The term arabesque simply means in the Arab fashion in French, and it is used only rarely by scholars of Islamic art. Such designs are considered biomorphic, which means they resemble natural forms without depicting specific creatures or plants. [22], From there it spread to England, where Henry VIII owned, in an inventory of 1549, an agate cup with a "fote and Couer of siluer and guilt enbossed with Rebeske worke",[23] and William Herne or Heron, Serjeant Painter from 1572 to 1580, was paid for painting Elizabeth I's barge with "rebeske work". When viewing mosques there are distinctive attributes that create a different aesthetic experience than other viewing experiences. Around 1000 CE, possibly near Baghdad, Muslim artists developed images of vines, flowers, and lines into an intricate, spectacular art form. Do you have any in your home? [39][40][41] After a period of disuse in the nineteenth century, when a more minimal page layout became popular with printers like Bodoni and Didot, the concept returned to popularity with the arrival of the Arts and Crafts movement, Many fine books from the period 18901960 have arabesque decorations, sometimes on paperback covers. %PDF-1.5 % Arabesque: An Iconic Islamic Art Form | Majalla - The plants most often used are stylized versions of the acanthus, with its emphasis on leafy forms, and the vine, with an equal emphasis on twining stems. Therefore the Arabesque and Islimi design suggest a design that is related to Arabs and Muslims or is it their invention and is used by them. This ornamental design, often foliated and floral, is used in almost all Islamic era and can be considered as a factor of artistic coexistence and unity in Islamic art. Besides geometric patterns, the art of calligraphy is used extensively in the Arab and Islamic tradition. "Almost 65 years ago since we started to learn this craft when we were children, as craftsmen, we were creative and popular, and people know us by names. Entire cities and neighborhoods in Egypt were specialized in creating arabesque works, which formed what looked like art workshops or educational schools for this craft, but unfortunately, it began to disappear more than half a century ago. 131 lessons, {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | Some scholars believe that mistakes in repetitions may be [4] In similar fashion, proposed connections between the arabesque and Arabic knowledge of geometry remains a subject of debate; not all art historians are persuaded that such knowledge had reached, or was needed by, those creating arabesque designs, although in certain cases there is evidence that such a connection did exist. The Importance of Material in Islamic Architecture. Article. One of the most famous examples of both Arab and Islamic architecture is the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, Palestine. They eventually introduced the four most common types of arches: the pointed, ogee, multifoil, and horseshoe. WebOct 21, 2016 - Explore Rachid Ahitass's board "Islamic Architecture" on Pinterest. Instead of recalling something related to the 'True Reality' (the reality of the spiritual world), Islam considers calligraphy a visible expression of the highest art of all; the art of the spoken word (the transmittal of thoughts and of history). Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. Full-text available. [5] The case for a connection with Islamic mathematics is much stronger for the development of the geometric patterns with which arabesques are often combined in art. endstream endobj 370 0 obj <>stream hP8R3OC(v _i.n3!V(D%NLFfDN]e"3#dbcb_qZm#: UW x Richard Ettinghausen, Oleg Grabar, and Marilyn Jenkins-Madina, This page was last edited on 16 November 2022, at 15:14. In addition, upon inspection of the many examples of Arabesque art, some would argue that there is in fact a third mode, the mode of Islamic calligraphy. Rawson, the subject of her book, see Preface, and Chapter 5 on Chinese influences on Persian art. For example, the square, with its four equilateral sides, is symbolic of the equally important elements of nature: earth, air, fire and water. zL hYmo6+HwQCa5@vq AMD#e~wISd'.Q#>'%h0ni)<3&"kOF$D]I$JE8-HnVT`YF$EI)QmR 0Qrru2:E229't2q/e69JNBl_0s}}-L_?7h]Y}iNn&`k"Rc=4e9+_}}|$>Y~-qU["m7UQ5QImQ6DkZ=Apa]5YbOice!m \Za~W.8-y_KNzie; Jan 2022. Repeating geometric patterns worked well with traditional printing, since they could be printed from metal type like letters if the type was placed together; as the designs have no specific connection to the meaning of a text, the type can be reused in many different editions of different works. The first mode recalls the principles that govern the order of the world. The present form emerged around 1000 CE, when the Islamic empire refined the ability to visually display balance, illumination, and nature with ornate detail. Art Research Center, Ritsumeikan University, Kufic Calligraphy, Fresco, Wazir Khan Mosque, Tea set with chrysanthemums and arabesque patterns, Kyosatsuma. New stems spring from leaf-tips, a type often called honeysuckle, and the stems often have no tips, winding endlessly out of the space. You can also search for related floral islamic PNG transparent images following the links. These forms are distinguished by the aesthetics of decoration, refined lines, and graceful and distinctive drawings. Early Islamic art, for example in the famous 8th-century mosaics of the Great Mosque of Damascus, often contained plant-scroll patterns, in that case by Byzantine artists in their usual style. "Arabesque art" depends on the artist's innate taste. So now you know more about a design called an arabesque. Another definition is "Foliate ornament, used in the Islamic world, typically using leaves, derived from stylised half-palmettes, which were combined with spiralling stems". As we learned, the arabesque was a design of curving line and interwoven elements like vines and leaves that repeated in an often symmetrical infinite pattern. "The work does not only depend on Egypt, we export to countries such as Tunisia and Morocco in North Africa and European countries such as Belgium, France, Spain and Germany," Shibata added. The few well-known arabesque artists are currently concentrated in the old Gamaliya neighborhood in Cairo, Egypt. Interlace and scroll decoration are terms used for most other types of similar patterns. Arabesques are a fundamental element of Islamic art but they develop what was already a long tradition by the coming of Islam. The past and current usage of the term in respect of European art is confused and inconsistent. succeed. Also fig[uratively]. Helin Yeim Akbulut. WebThe arabesque in Islamic art is often used to symbolize the transcendent, indivisible and infinite nature of God. Interlace and scroll decoration are terms used for most other types of similar patterns. WebThe arabesque was a common design used in the architecture of Islamic Cairo. The evolution of these forms into a distinctive Islamic type was complete by the 11th century, having begun in the 8th or 9th century in works like the Mshatta Facade. Contemporary Art and Culture Meet Traditional Paper-Cutting, A Taste of Christmas in the Arab World Artist & Artisan Bazaar. Flowers are rare until about 1500, after which they appear more often, especially in Ottoman art, and are often identifiable by species. Learn about the arabesque pattern, the history of Islamic arabesque art, and its influence in Western art and design. What Connections are there between China and Arabs on YouTube? 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"[18] To the adherents of Islam, the Arabesque is symbolic of their united faith and the way in which traditional Islamic cultures view the world. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 The arabesque is biomorphic, which means it resembles natural forms without being recognizable as a specific thing. Arches, beams, pillars, lintels, cut and polished stones, and significant use of lime as mortar and pure white marble define the mosque. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Kerr Houston, Arabesque, Khamseen: Islamic Art History Online, published 3 September 2021. In general, because Western culture didn't have rules against figural art, arabesque-like forms tended to be used for mostly decorative purposes. The origins of Islamic arabesque can be found in the The depiction of animals and people is generally discouraged, which explains the preference for abstract geometric patterns. In mosques, however, the dome usually covers the main prayer hall and symbolizes the vault to heaven in an Islamic context. Arabesque is one of the crafts representing Islamic and Arabic arts at its finest, going as far as a thousand years. Filled with cut stone, decoratively carved complex patterns of a multitude of materials like ceramics, painted wood panels / ornaments, among others that show a geometric texture and color combination. Usually, full flowers or buds are used interlaced with a type of leaf or vine. It was created possibly around Baghdad by Islamic artists in the 11th century CE. Proverbs and complete passages from the Qur'an can be seen today in Arabesque art. May 14, 2016 - Explore Adam :P's board "modern arabesque architecture", followed by 154 people on Pinterest. ]bqi"w8=8YWf8}3aK txg^+v!a{Bhk 5YliFeT?}YV-xBmN(}H)&,# o0 404 0 obj <>stream Most but not all foliage decoration in the preceding cultures terminated at the edge of the occupied space, although infinitely repeatable patterns in foliage are very common in the modern world in wallpaper and textiles. It came through southern Italy and Sicily because they were close to geographic regions in which the Islamic faith had taken hold. nnW)D,\ w1XANmuSi[b} p2X:,oWg/[=0wWO}hSzr"GnM=m_pH{Xe;bhqIU;y4|'d |u*F]@W*-Z_pv[Dl2.B3Ppvm1Zdh\vo0ox@o ?/gE7-Tpz+L.}iw@wATbn}V` B+! [2] It usually consists of a single design which can be 'tiled' or seamlessly repeated as many times as desired. Arab and Islamic Architecture: Domes, Arches and Islimi Design. Another definition is "Foliate ornament, used in the Islamic world, typically using leaves, derived from stylised half-palmettes, which were combined with spiralling stems". Dance Dabke in Arabic is literally stamping of the feet. The leader, called raas (head) or lawweeh (waver), is allowed to improvise on the type ofRead More. 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Most signature Arab structures are found in predominantly Muslim countries and in the land that was overthrown by Muslims in the Middle Ages. posted on: - Definition & Buildings, Trefoil in Architecture: Definition & Design, Acanthus Leaves: Architecture, Design & Symbolism, Marquetry: Definition, Techniques & Design, Facade in Architecture: Definition & Design, What is a Baptismal Font? Religion played an important role in the arabesque's development. Robert Granjon, a French printer of the sixteenth century, has been credited with the first truly interlocking arabesque printing, but other printers had used many other kinds of ornaments in the past. WebSearch from Arabesque Architecture stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. Islamic designs contain the eternal spiral, rhythm/balance, and geometry/structure. [15][16][17] It incorporated scrolling and decorative leaf-like patterns and was used especially on decorative gilt book covers. Another example of Arab architecture lies in Granada, Spain. Arabesque uses complicated, overlapping and intersecting geometric motifs that shed a unique Arabic glamour as an art These motifs could be flowers, fruits, or leaves of trees. The term 'gilt' means a surface decorated with elements covered in very thin layers of gold. Bronze, copper, iron, and goldsmiths have used their skills to create intricate, culturally satisfying art pieces full of intertwined foliage and iconography. H\j >w%PrNReby6l*s)do@q;@. For example, a rectangular border on a book page will have clear lines which indicate the parameters in which the pattern style is laid and interconnected. As used in Moorish and Arabic decorative art (from which, almost exclusively, it was known in the Middle Ages), representations of living creatures were excluded; but in the arabesques of Raphael, founded on the ancient Grco-Roman work of this kind, and in those of Renaissance decoration, human and animal figures, both natural and grotesque, as well as vases, armour, and objects of art, are freely introduced; to this the term is now usually applied, the other being distinguished as Moorish Arabesque, or Moresque. These are tall towers that are the visual focal point of the buildings. In this paper, the As a result, artists instead created spectacular work featuring geometry, calligraphy (which is the art of beautiful writing), and the arabesque. [21] The book Opera nuova che insegna a le donne a cuscire laqual e intitolata Esempio di raccammi (A New Work that Teaches Women how to Sew Entitled "Samples of Embroidery"), published in Venice in 1530, includes "groppi moreschi e rabeschi", Moorish knots and arabesques. !e3: V`Fy\% 'mXY2typsgF A% v73zm&}=~ug4 The key elements or principles that are in an arabesque composition are the eternal spiral, symmetry and structure, and rhythm and balance. "Arabesque is one of the most stunning professions one can do, especially in the last part which is painting the wood in which we try to show its real beauty. The second mode is based upon the flowing nature of plant forms. [33] Small motifs in this style have continued to be used by conservative book designers up to the present day. Scroll down to view our floral islamic PNG images with transparent background. But does the origin of any art or craft disappear totally or will there always be a way that leads us to the precious start? flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? Following a strict rule of vertical vs horizontal spaces, and various shades of the same color, this mosaic Mihrab points to the direction which worshipers are supposed to direct their prayers. WebWe sketch and draw custom arabesque designs, columns and pillars, forged iron patterns, flooring motifs, classical elements, individual gate designs, stair railing designs, window guards, wrought iron railings, and many other unique decorative items for you. [24] Unfortunately the styles so described can only be guessed at, although the design by Hans Holbein for a covered cup for Jane Seymour in 1536 (see gallery) already has zones in both Islamic-derived arabesque/moresque style (see below) and classically derived acanthus volutes. What is an arabesque? PNG images are perfect if you want to add small elements to your poster or banner design. Eye-catching colors and silhouettes prevalent in ancient Arab architecture have made these structures popular spots to explore! It can be written in any language and portray any country or region. Kerr Houston is a professor of art history, theory and criticism at the The art form can be traced to the beginning of the Fatimid era in Egypt. Mosaics on the Treasury Dome of the Great Mosque of Damascus, 789, still in essentially Byzantine style, Palace facade from Mshatta in Jordan, c.740, now in the Pergamon Museum (Berlin), Pyxis of al-Mughira, 10th century, in the Louvre, Panel with horse heads, 11th century, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City), Ottoman tughra of Suleiman the Magnificent, with flowers and saz leaves, 1520, Iznik tile panel with flowers, 1550-1600, in the Louvre, Iznik tile, 1560, in the Museum of Islamic Art from Doha (Qatar), Iznik tiled lunette panel that may have come from the Piyale Pasha Mosque in Istanbul, 1570-1575, in the Victoria and Albert Museum from London, Giant arabesque pattern on the dome of the Sheikh Lotfallah Mosque from Isfahan (Iran), 17th century, "Rosette bearing the names and titles of shah Jahan", folio from the shah Jahan album, circa 1645, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. arabesque is A stricking mix of color, pattern variety, and decorative density makes for an art piece of this Mosque's ceiling and walls in Pakistan. The moresque or arabesque style was especially popular and long-lived in the Western arts of the book: bookbindings decorated in gold tooling, borders for illustrations, and printer's ornaments for decorating empty spaces on the page. Think about colorful designs on fabric curtains or the pattern on a woven rug. "Leaf" forms typically spring sideways from the stem, in what is often called a "half-palmette" form, named after its distant and very different looking ancestor in ancient Egyptian and Greek ornament. [20] Apparently starting in embroidery, it then appears in garden design before being used in Northern Mannerist painted decorative schemes "with a central medallion combined with acanthus and other forms" by Simon Vouet and then Charles Lebrun who used "scrolls of flat bandwork joined by horizontal bars and contrasting with ancanthus scrolls and palmette. The arabesque traces its history to the Near and Middle East. The key elements or principles that are in an arabesque composition are the eternal spiral, symmetry and structure, and rhythm and balance. Arabic calligraphy was variously developed only after Islam was announced to the world; since messages are words, their written translations must not only be understood, but admired both aesthetically and religiously. These types of designs were referred to by the name ''arabesque.''. The Islamic faith had an overarching effect on the structures being built in these Muslim dominated areas. Islamic architecture in India was created throughout the Middle Ages when various architectural Sometimes, geometric figures are also included, as are forms called kapali, or linear figures with closed ends. Many of the ornaments were made of stucco (plaster) instead of stone with complicatedly beautiful tile mosaics covering a good portion of the structure. It usually consists of a single design which can be 'tiled' or seamlessly repeated as many times as desired. [43], Design for a Cup for Jane Seymour, Hans Holbein the Younger and Workshop, 1536, with zones in both Islamic-derived arabesque or moresque style and classically derived acanthus volutes, Arabesque or moresque ornament print, by Peter Fltner (d. 1546), Arabesque or moresque borders in a print by Peter Fltner, Arabesque/moresque printers ornament, German, 17th century, Decorative pattern of stylized foliage, characteristic of Muslim art. Influences of Islamic Art on European Art: Trade & Diplomacy, Islamic Architecture | History, Design & Origin, Ancient Persian Art and Architecture: History & Style, Moorish Architecture | History, Design & Characteristics, Carpet Weaving in Islamic Art: History, Creation & Uses. Arabesque Art The influence of art on architecture has given Islamic sites a significant standing, which distinguishes them from other feats of architecture from around the world. Peter Fuhring, a specialist in the history of ornament, says that (also in a French context): The ornament known as moresque in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries (but now more commonly called arabesque) is characterized by bifurcated scrolls composed of branches forming interlaced foliage patterns. Second, there is almost always a dome when looking at historic mosques, an element also used in the Byzantine and Italian Renaissance periods. endstream endobj 368 0 obj <>stream Show abstract. The principal buildings, such as Mosques, Tombs, Palaces, Forts. Tabbaa's Chapter 4 gives an overview of these questions. Due to this duality of creation, the artistic part of this equation may be further subdivided into both secular and religious artwork. Traditionally, arabesque designs do not have images of human or animal forms but instead include floral or plant motifs with interlaying geometric shapes interconnected as a repetitive design. However, specialists call the meaning of the wo, following land routes for their trade activities, they did not, Believers are currently concentrated from the West coast of, increasing in numbers, largely at the expense, as the last of the Prophets was to formalize and c, supreme ruler, the one who is pure and the. Despite its complexity, might seem fluid and organic to anyone first entering it, quickly realizing the intricacy and detail put into it. It is characteristic of the moresque, which is essentially a surface ornament, that it is impossible to locate the pattern's beginning or end. Arabesque art consists of a series of repeating geometric forms which are occasionally accompanied by calligraphy. Mistakes in repetitions may be intentionally introduced as a show of humility by artists who believe only Allah can produce perfection, although this theory is disputed. Unlike Judaism and Christianity, Islam scripture strictly forbids any depiction of creation Arabesque also demands an expertise in other supporting arts such as engraving, decoration, calligraphy and painting. copyright 2003-2022 Study.com. Last Updated: 05 Jul 2022. This type of artistic expression, meant that the artist used a base unit, a leaf or a flower, deprived of its natural form so as not to give a sense of weakness and death, and transformed into stylized forms that indicate a feeling of existence and eternity. Vault Architecture Development & Types | What is Vaulting in Architecture? The principal architectural types are considered to be the Mosque, the Tomb, the Palace, the Fort, and the School among others. As European variations developed, they were similar in many respects to the original Islamic forms, but they did also include figures like people, birds, animals, and fish. Kerr Houston, Arabesque, Khamseen: Islamic Art History Online, published 3 September 2021. Arabesques are a fundamental element of Islamic art but they develop what was already a long tradition by the coming of Islam. WebIndian Islamic Architecture; Behind the Arabesque: Understanding Islamic Art and Architecture; Evolution of Islamic Geometrical Patterns; Muslim Architecture in The event will be held in English, with simultaneous Arabic interpretation. They used these simple shapes in the construction of windows ornamented with the wooden pieces. Acanthus Leaves Architecture & Design | What is an Acanthus Leaf? [9], Though the broad outline of the process is generally agreed, there is a considerable diversity of views held by specialist scholars on detailed issues concerning the development, categorization and meaning of the arabesque. This is not an Islamic art piece but it clearly has heavy influence by the Arabesque art culture. WebSee more ideas about architecture, islamic patterns, arabesque. As patterns emerged and developed in style and application, geometric shapes were placed within the vines and connected elements of the foliate patterns. Arabesque designs use elements like spiral and curving forms in an infinitely repeated, usually symmetrical pattern. The early Mshatta Facade is recognisably some sort of vine, with conventional leaves on the end of short stalks and bunches of grapes or berries, but later forms usually lack these. You'll never need to remove background from images by yourself. WebSee more ideas about architecture, islamic architecture, arabesque. As a result, Islamic artists instead based their imagery on geometry, calligraphy (which is the art of beautiful writing), and the arabesque. The term arabesque refers to a style of artistic expression relating to design and decor. Arab structures are very intertwined due to this history. View. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. The Mimbar is where Imams deliver their khutbahs (sermons), and the prayer area is where all the people gather to do their five daily congregational prayers. This revolutionary approach had a vast affect on art coming out of the desert, and in locations which sought inspiration from it. This structure exemplifies a mesh of different architectural influences, with parts of the Byzantine era and the earlier Islamic architectural style both incorporated. Arabesque is a French term derived from the Italian word arabesco, meaning "in the Arabic style". Find high-quality stock photos that you won't find anywhere else. Create your account. Roman Furniture Overview & Examples | What Was Ancient Roman Furniture? The strangest thing that was narrated about these craftsmen, is that the Ottoman sultans detained them after completing their work, and they did not return to Egypt which in history known as "the capture of artists". In this field the technique of gold tooling had also arrived in the 15th century from the Islamic world, and indeed much of the leather itself was imported from there. _7uS/_ z8p0Bi *0G3lis_G(6KE1$$?`5f@p e& A~DM2IZSrb?# u21 endstream endobj 365 0 obj <>/Metadata 53 0 R/Outlines 82 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 362 0 R/StructTreeRoot 85 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 366 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 367 0 obj <>stream [6], The Islamic arabesque was probably invented in Baghdad around the 10th century. - Definition & Design, Guilloche: Definition, Design & Architecture, Cartouche in Architecture: Definition & Examples, What is a Beehive Oven? A second group, far smaller than the first, comprises modern ornaments: moresques, interlaced bands, strapwork, and elements such as cartouches"categories he goes on to discuss individually.[32]. WebThe arabesque was a common design used in the architecture of Islamic Cairo. The artist creates intertwined geometric shapes that require patience and high precision. Greeks and Romans influenced Arab architecture in the structure and form of the arch. Arabesque patterns vary in their design and their application. Claims are often made regarding the theological significance of the arabesque and its origin in a specifically Islamic view of the world; however, these are without support from written historical sources since, like most medieval cultures, the Islamic world has not left us documentation of their intentions in using the decorative motifs they did. It's a very different idea about decoration than was found in Western culture at the time. %%EOF In the process of development the plant forms became increasingly simplified and stylized. The past and current usage of the term in respect of European art is confused and inconsistent. Arabesque patterns were also used in wooden mashrabiya, which is one of the the most famous features of Islamic architecture. These principles include the bare basics of what makes objects structurally sound and, by extension, beautiful (i.e. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Other elements to the mosque include the Mimbar and the praying area hall. Many years ago, when the machine did not control every craft and industry, Egypt was the pioneer of arabesque art. Sometimes this pattern can be parallel to a geometric pattern that is within. This user gallery has been created by an independent third party and may not represent the views of the institutions whose collections include the featured works or of Google Arts & Culture. An error occurred trying to load this video. In Venice, it was adapted into a form called the moresque that incorporated scrolling and decorative leaf-like patterns and was used especially on decorative gilt book covers, with gilt being a surface decorated with elements covered in very thin layers of gold. The order and unity of the material world, they believe, is a mere ghostly approximation of the spiritual world, which for many Muslims is the place where the only true reality exists. This famous palace is named the Alhambra. Arabesque was not limited to furniture in Islamic styles of various shapes but also related to the architectural formations of mosques and palaces. The arabesque may be equally thought of as both art and science. It first appeared as a distinctive and original development in Islamic art in carved marble panels from around this time. When Islam rose around 700 CE and spread through the Middle East, it came with rules forbidding depictions of creatures like humans and animals, especially on things like buildings with a religious purpose. It encompasses both secular and religious styles from the early history of Islam to the Unlike Judaism and Christianity, Islam scripture strictly forbids any depiction of creation such as animals, humanoids, etc through art, architecture or functional mediums in between. [31], Fuhring notes that grotesques were "confusingly called arabesques in eighteenth century France", but in his terminology "the major types of ornament that appear in French sixteenth century etchings and engraving can be divided into two groups. 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