The math still gives a result, but it probably would not match what is going on from week to week in an actual savings account. WebBesides the interest rate, the loan fees or points are major costs of a loan. The easiest way to compute loan interest is with a calculator or spreadsheet, but you can also do it by hand if you prefer. WebHowever, you can easily create a compound interest calculator to compare different rates and different durations. Compound interest (or compounding interest) is interest calculated on the initial principal and also on the accumulated interest of previous periods of a deposit or loan . WebA compound interest calculator is a simple way to estimate how your money will grow if you continue saving money in savings accounts. At the time, my super balance was about $5,000 with personal debts also. A simple interest is calculated on your original loan principal. In 2003, he was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in recognition of his services to the financial services industry and, in 2011 he was made a Member of the Order of Australia in the Australia Day Honours List. The easiest way to compute loan interest is with a calculator or spreadsheet, but you can also do it by hand if you prefer. Simply drag the formula down to cell A6. For both loans and savings, we typically want to include a series of payments or deposits in our calculation, such as depositing 100 each month for 3 years. Sally, Hi Noel, Note These formulas assume that the deposits (payments) are made at the end of each compound period. The Excel formula is A=PMT(0.06,5,-3000). t = time in decimal years; e.g., 6 months is calculated as 0.5 years. Daily compound interest is calculated using a simplified version of the formula for compound interest. Golden Rules of Wealth. Not only does he write weekly columns in the Sunday Mail and the Courier Mail, but, by some strange magic, he has the entire Australian continent covered from the Cairns Post in the North to the Hobart Mercury in the South, to the Perth Sunday Times in the West. WebWhat is the effective interest rate? It became my bible for the next few years and I went on to read other great books of yours. Use the "Fixed Payments" tab to calculate the time to pay off a loan with a fixed monthly payment. Assume you put $100 into a bank. In Excel, you can use the PMT function. It is interesting to note that I agree 100% with your opinions without exception and the advice I have given clients over the years are simply the same as your recommendations. I feel inspired and optimistic about the future. 5. Congratulations on the many lives you have touched and remaining the gentleman that you are. A common definition of the constant e is that: With continuous compounding, the number of times compounding occurs per period approaches infinity or n . Likewise, the variable A (defined below as positive for deposits to savings) relates to pmt as A=-pmt. Another Example: How much do you need to invest now, to get $10,000 in 10 years at 8% interest rate? Step 3: Lastly, enter the repayment tenor. Hi Noel, You can review your cart here. Bonds. A1 of your spreadsheet. In other words, you know a Future Value, and want to know a Present Value. Looking back at our example from above, if we were to contribute an additional $100 per month I have also given copies to a number of acquaintances and have had the pleasure of watching some of them follow your advise and prosper. The graph compares the total (cumulative) principal and payments to the balance over time. I also made a Compound Interest Calculator that uses these formulas. The table below uses the exact same equations as the savings example, except that the principal is P0=-3000 and the payment, A, was calculated so that the future value is zero after year. However, you can easily create a compound interest calculator to compare different rates and different durations. WebCompound interest calculator finds compound interest earned on an investment or paid on a loan. In such an event, the three determining factors for EMI calculation would be -, EMI = 15,00,000 x 13 x (1+13)^48 / {(1+13)^48-1}. These are explained below: Initial Deposit This is the starting amount of money you plan to deposit into savings. The interest can be compounded annually, semiannually, quarterly, monthly, or daily. It is the basis of everything from a personal savings plan to the long term growth of the stock market. WebInvest in high-rated bonds from as low as Rs. Excel is Awesome, we'll show you: Introduction Basics Functions Data Analysis VBA 300 Examples, 5/11 Completed! A common example where this formula is needed is for a savings account where the interest is compounded daily but deposits are only made monthly. Use the "Fixed Term" tab to calculate the monthly payment of a fixed-term loan. For day count conventions other than n=365, see the wikipedia article. you work it out! To understand the details, do a portion of the math yourself. I can now see that each day counts, and putting things off only sets me back. Find & Invest in bonds issued by top corporates, PSU Banks, NBFCs, and much more. years at a given interest It is the result of reinvesting interest, or adding it to the loaned capital rather than paying it out, or requiring payment from borrower, so that interest in the next period is then earned on the principal sum plus previously accumulated interest. If you would like to know how much interest your investment will earn, our compound interest calculator can help. To use an online loan interest rate calculator, enter the loan amount you want to avail in the pertinent field. WebNext Steps. The term of the loan can affect the structure of the loan in many ways. You'll make more informed decisions when you understand the numbers. Just use the Future Value formula with "n" being the number of months: And it is also possible to have yearly interest but with several compoundings within the year, which is called Periodic Compounding. A loan term is the duration of the loan, given that required minimum payments are made each month. The product had it roots in the US and was recently been offered in Australia, it has only small management fee and very low minimum contribution amount to suit young investors. Step 1: Enter the loan principal amount in the appropriate field. This will be the base amount the compound interest is calculated on. Your book taught me to take control of my money and go to university so I could do something fulfilling. I have been a practising taxation accountant for over 35 years. Due to his heavy commitments, Noel no longer does personal consultations, but, if youre looking for financial advice, and dont have an advisor, we are happy to recommend an advisor to you. Just email Noel on . Assume you put $10,000 into a bank. To understand the details, do a portion of the math yourself. Kind Regards, Compound Interest (A) = P [(1 + i) n 1] Where: P = Principal Amount, i = interest rate, n = compounding periods. Adjust the tenor to arrive at an EMI value as per your convenience. BETA (7/29/2019) - This spreadsheet is currently a BETA version because I haven't tested every possible input combination. The table in Example 5 clearly shows that the new principal is calculated by adding the interest and the payment to the previous principal. The formula is often written as F=P*(1+r/n)^(n*t) with the following variables definitions: This is the same as the basic formula where rate=r/n and nper=n*t. Although the math can handle a decimal value for nper, it should usually be a whole number. In 1999 I came over from England and visited my brother who went to live in Australia. So, if you're looking to work out compound interest, you should use this interest calculator instead. Step 2: Input the interest rate as quoted. Next, enter the rate of interest charged followed by the repayment period you wish to opt for. These are explained below: Initial Deposit This is the starting amount of money you plan to deposit into savings. WebEstimate the total future value of an initial investment or principal of a bank deposit and a compound interest rate. Since creating this spreadsheet, I've created many other calculators that let you include extra mortgage payments.The most advanced and flexible one is my Home Mortgage Calculator. Use Bankrate.com's free tools, expert analysis, and award-winning content to make smarter financial decisions. Which argument is correct? Its designed so that you can enter one single initial sum, or a single initial sum following by regular monthly payments, . The tables below show the compound interest formula rewritten so the unknown variable is isolated on the left side of the equation. Argument #2 then says "Yeah, but your payment is enough to completely pay the amount of interest charged, so no interest is actually added to the principal. For quick answers, use technologyonline calculators or spreadsheets. I didn't start earning a proper income until 1996 due to travel and study, but between 1996 and 2015, I paid off my first home in 2002,did the same with my wife in 2008 after selling the first home for a substantial profit, and we now have a very, very healthy portfolio of shares and a few managed funds. If you paste this correctly you should see the answer Accrued Amount (FV) = 11,611.84 in cell B1. Dont worry, we will keep this information confidential. The syntax for the FV function in Excel is FV(rate,nper,pmt,[pv],[type]). WebFree compound interest calculator to convert and compare interest rates of different compounding periods, or to gain more knowledge on compound interest. $1,000 + ($1,000 x 10%) = $1,000 + $100 =. WebDescription. ", Argument #1 replies with "Yeah, but without affecting the result, the math allows me to consider my payment to be applied to the original principal, with the interest added afterward. I think that before I embark on this next phase of my life, it is time for me to consult a financial planner as I will soon have extra money for investmentrather than just plowing straight into my offset account. I seem to remember reading in one of your earlier newsletters of you offering to help point me in the right direction re: who to talk to? I live in Perth. I would really appreciate it. Compound interest - meaning that the interest you earn each year is added to your principal, so that the balance doesn't merely grow, it grows at an increasing rate - is one of the most useful concepts in finance. Find & Invest in bonds issued by top corporates, PSU Banks, NBFCs, and much more. Continuous compounding A = Pe^rt. Simply enter the loan amount, term and interest rate in the fields below and click calculate. If you paste this correctly you should see the answer for Rate % = 2.44 in cell B1. Since creating this spreadsheet, I've created many other calculators that let you include extra mortgage payments.The most advanced and flexible one is my Home Mortgage Calculator. I have read one of your books and have just purchased 2 more and so excited to start reading them. It can also be referred to as the annual equivalent rate (AER) or APY.. To give an example, a 5% annual interest rate with monthly compounding would result in an effective annual rate of 5.12%. Risk is a key factor when making bond investments. Loan Term. For daily compounding, the value for n (number of compound periods per year) is typically 365 and you use total number of days in place of n*t like this: F=P*(1+r/365)^days. The Vertex42 Interest-Only Loan Calculator is a very powerful spreadsheet based on our popular Loan Amortization Schedule.It helps you calculate your interest only loan payment for a fixed-rate loan or mortgage and lets you specify the length of the interest-only (IO) period. Besides the EMIs, the interest rate calculator also displays other relevant information, including the total interest payable. How much will your investment be worth after 5 years? The table is based on the payment frequency and shows the amount of interest added each period. 5 Dec 2015 WebA compound interest calculator is a simple way to estimate how your money will grow if you continue saving money in savings accounts. Combining interest compounding with regular deposits into your savings account, SIP, Roth IRA or 401(k) is a highly efficient saving strategy that can really boost the growth of your money in the longer term. In this case, the total interest would be Rs.4,31,568. Daily compound interest is calculated using a simplified version of the formula for compound interest. Use the "Fixed Term" tab to calculate the monthly payment of a fixed-term loan. WebUse the Compound Interest Calculator to learn more about or do calculations involving compound interest. I always tell people this is the easiest thing we did money wise, but by living on one income andputting the rest into the bank, mortgage, superannuation etc, has also been the most effective. Find & Invest in bonds issued by top corporates, PSU Banks, NBFCs, and much more. I look forward to reading your new book and passing on good financial habits to my 19 year old nephew Jayedan who along with my sister Rosalynd and mother Betty benefited from your informative presentation. In the calculator above select "Calculate Rate (R)". The Payment Calculator can determine the monthly payment amount or loan term for a fixed interest loan. The formulas below show how the FV function relates to the standard formula. The term of the loan can affect the structure of the loan in many ways. Or, could they both be correct? Thank you. We are redirecting you to our For an amortized loan, the payment isn't actually 100% principal. Example 2: "6% interest with monthly compounding" works out to be 6.168% APR (if no fees). Note: the little "1/n" is a Fractional Exponent, first calculate 1/n, then use that as the exponent on your calculator. How about some examples Our student loan interest calculator below does the calculation for you. Simply enter the loan amount, term and interest rate in the fields below and click calculate. This calculator uses the following formulas and definitions: When the Payment (A) is zero, a little algebra will show that the above formula simplifies down to the basic compound interest formula: * Caution This calculator lets you choose Payment and Compounding combinations that don't necessarily make sense. This tool will teach you how to calculate and use one to make your money work better. You can also calculate the effect of including extra payments before and after the IO Finds the number of Periods when you know the Present Value, Future Value and Interest Rate (note: ln is the logarithm function). Plus, people tend to use spreadsheets in ways I haven't thought of. Use the "Fixed Term" tab to calculate the monthly payment of a fixed-term loan. I was in the camp of Argument #2 for many years, and it wasn't until creating these compound interest calculators that I realized Argument #2 is just legal jargon - a way to claim you aren't paying interest on interest. Compound Interest (A) = P [(1 + i) n 1] Where: P = Principal Amount, i = interest rate, n = compounding periods. Finds the Interest Rate when you know the Present Value, Future Value and number of Periods. WebUse the Compound Interest Calculator to learn more about or do calculations involving compound interest. I consider myself financial savvy and am currently a SMSF auditor. 4. I then read more money with NW, and have followed the principles in that ever since, and I'm now 22 years old, earning between 100-110k and about to buy my first investment property! WebInvest in high-rated bonds from as low as Rs. The easiest way to compute loan interest is with a calculator or spreadsheet, but you can also do it by hand if you prefer. 1. So, if you're looking to work out compound interest, you should use this interest calculator instead. Monthly interest calculation can be beneficial in several ways. It is the result of reinvesting interest, or adding it to the loaned capital rather than paying it out, or requiring payment from borrower, so that interest in the next period is then earned on the principal sum plus previously Include additions (contributions) to the initial deposit or investment for a more detailed calculation. WebTo use an online loan interest rate calculator, enter the loan amount you want to avail in the pertinent field. Because the purpose of debt consolidation is to lower the costs of debts, any additional fees on top are not helpful. For example 20.2 is entered as 2, "x^y", 0, ., 2, =. The book was a "Light-Bulb" moment for my wife and I, with small children and a mortgage, we were puddling along but with the knowledge you gave so freely on those printed pages it focused out direction and gave us the confidence to put what you had suggested into action. APR means "Annual Percentage Rate": it shows how much you will actually be paying for the year (including compounding, fees, etc). One day he came home with a book and said that an author had been offering it to the workers. The answer is $16,470. Thus, I AM paying interest on interest. You already know the answer. How to calculate daily compound interest. My wife and I now spend our time doing what we wish to do - going on holiday, visiting restaurants and the theatre, etc. He worked in a cafe in Canberra. If your local bank offers a savings account with daily compounding (365 times per year), what annual interest rate do you need to get to match the rate of return in your investment account? If you're interested, download the Excel file and try it yourself! Noel is a Fellow of CPA Australia, a Fellow of the Taxation Institute, a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Management. WebFor example, the amount of 10% compound interest compounded annually will be lower than 5% compound interest compounded semi-annually over the same time period. For example, a loan with a 10% interest rate compounding semi-annually has an interest rate of 10% / 2, or 5% Copy and paste this table into spreadsheets as explained in the above section. I first read Making Money Made Simple in 1992 and it was really a life changing experience in that it made me pay some attention to our personal finances. WebHowever, simple interest is very seldom used in the real world. The effective annual rate is the interest rate earned on a loan or investment over a time period, with compounding factored in. The interest can be compounded annually, semiannually, quarterly, monthly, or daily. Calculate compound interest on an investment, 401K or savings account with annual, quarterly, daily or continuous compounding. I have read every book you have authored and I have just finished your latest 25 years of Whitt & Wisdom Compound In this example we start with a principal of 10,000 with interest of 500 giving us an accrued amount of 10,500 over 2 years compounded monthly (12 times per year). 5. It uses this same formula to solve for principal, rate or time given the other known values. WebCompound Interest Formula. Noel Whittaker is Australias Financial Wizard of Oz. Use a home loan interest calculator after acquiring a housing credit. Lastly, click on the calculate bar to arrive at the results instantly. Looking back at our example from above, if we were to contribute an additional $100 per month Using a personal loan interest calculator is just that simple. The Vertex42 Interest-Only Loan Calculator is a very powerful spreadsheet based on our popular Loan Amortization Schedule.It helps you calculate your interest only loan payment for a fixed-rate loan or mortgage and lets you specify the length of the interest-only (IO) period. WebThe calculator will display interest on the loan or the investment. 20 year old. WebHowever, simple interest is very seldom used in the real world. So be careful to understand what is meant! Continuous compounding A = Pe^rt. but is really 6.335%. Using a loan interest rate calculator is simple, with the interface being quite user-friendly. The new principal is P1=P0+i1+A. Compound Interest. Now we can "plug in" the values to get the result: So you need 14.87% interest rate to turn $1,000 into $2,000 in 5 years. Magic! WebIf you start with $25,000 in a savings account earning a 7% interest rate, compounded monthly, and make $500 deposits on a monthly basis, after 15 years your savings account will have grown to $230,629-- of which $115,000 is the total of your beginning balance plus deposits, and $115,629 is the total interest earnings. Don't close your browser window. This ad looks like 6.25%, However, a compound interest calculation depends not just on the original loan amount but also on the accumulated interest during a compounding cycle. During that time I have given enough of your books to clients to almost make me a silent partner. Simply follow these steps . Next, enter the rate of interest charged followed by the repayment period you wish to opt for. The basic formula for Compound Interest is: And by rearranging that formula (see Compound Interest Formula Derivation) we can find any value when we know the other three: Finds the Present Value when you know a Future Value, the Interest Rate and number of Periods. WebCompound interest calculator finds compound interest earned on an investment or paid on a loan. I guess I'm saying thank-you for having the guts to put into plain English the knowledge you had gained. home Compounding frequencies impact the interest owed on a loan. My dad said today that I'm very lucky. Now is a good time to have a break before we look at two more topics: You can calculate the Interest Rate if you know a Present Value, a Future Value and how many Periods. WebThis is a very high-risk way of investing as you can also end up paying compound interest from your account depending on the direction of the trade. Note Even a so-called Simple Interest Loan requires the payments to be applied first to the accrued interest before they can be applied to the principal. Of course not. The effective annual rate is the interest rate earned on a loan or investment over a time period, with compounding factored in. Example 3: If I deposit $1000 at the end of each year, and my investment earns 4% annually, what is the future value at the end of 5 years? You can calculate how many Periods if you know a Future Value, a Present Value and the Interest Rate. For this example, say you borrow $10,000 at a 7% annual interest rate. home Compounding frequencies impact the interest owed on a loan. This example gives you the answers to these questions. Recently my son (a 23 yo Graduate engineer) purchased Making Money made simple on my recommendation and has started his investment journey, having recently placed his savings into a well run managed fund! The formulas are exactly the same as the savings example, except that you are starting with a negative principal. For this example, say you borrow $10,000 at a 7% annual interest rate. Simple interest formula (principal + interest) If you wish to calculate a figure for interest AND principal, the formula for this is A = P(1 + rt), where P is the initial principal, r is the interest rate and t is the time period. You may wish to buy the book for yourself, even better; it will probably be the best $50 you have ever spent! Sensible people everywhere should be building monuments in your honour for the principled way you have set about educating us all in how to secure a reasonable financial future. . Compound interest can have a dramatic effect on the growth of regular savings and lump sum deposits. Divide your partial year number of months by 12 to get the decimal years. Now this interest ($8) will also earn interest (compound interest) next year. The online monthly interest calculator ensures quick and error-free computation of interest and EMIs. Use compound interest formula A=P(1 + r/n)^nt to find interest, principal, rate, time and total investment value. Assume you put $100 into a bank. To approximate what the bank is doing, you can use n=365 (Compound Frequency = Daily) and p=12 (Payment Frequency = Monthly). I also made a Compound Interest Calculator that uses these formulas. . 3. I first read this at Christmas in 1992, as a naive. Compound Interest Formula. 10,000. It will need 7.27 years to turn $1,000 into $2,000 at 10% interest. This calculator is not intended to be your sole source of information when making a financial decision. What is the effective interest rate? I was staying with him and travelling around for three months. How to calculate daily compound interest. I did contact you a few years ago to let you know how profound your book 'Making Money Made Simple' was for me. I just wanted to give you a big thank you for everything you've done for me, without even realizing it. * Results might only be estimates. . . ), the "APR" is often used. I just wish I could have started much earlier than 1996! Nutshell: You earn interest on top of interest. Simply enter the loan amount, term and interest rate in the fields below and click calculate. (or the advanced formula with annual additions), Learn how debt payoff is similar to an investment, Derivation of Future Value of Uniform Series with Compound Interest. Thanks also for your advice over the years.The most important advice I followed was to live on one income when the wife and I. had two incomes coming in, it has enabled us to accumulate wealth in-spite of some bad decisions. Besides the interest rate, the loan fees or points are major costs of a loan. WebCompound interest is the addition of interest to the principal sum of a loan or deposit, or in other words, interest on principal plus interest. But it is easier to write down a series of multiplies using Exponents (or Powers) like this: This does all the calculations in the top table in one go. The process is very speedy. An email is sent to us immediately you place your order, and the book or books should be posted within 24 hours. If you experience any delays, please contact us urgently. Instead, you must first pay the amount of interest that you are charged, and the rest of your payment is applied to the principal. According to Figure 1, this means that type=0 (the default for the FV function).If I wanted to deposit $1000 at the beginning of each year for 5 years, the FV function in Excel allows me to calculate the result as =FV(4%,5,-1000,,1) where Vertex42 is a registered trademark of Vertex42 LLC. As a result of that day's information, I purchased a property in Perth which doubled in value over the following three years and the rest is history, as they say. what if the loan went for 15 Years? 47 Years! The calculator at the top of the page allows you to choose a compound frequency that is different from the payment frequency. This is made evident by the calculator; using the default figures as given, a 5% loan fee makes debt consolidation a financially feasible decision. Daily compound interest is calculated using a simplified version of the formula for compound interest. Just a quick email to say thank you. Calculate the difference in total interest paid on a mortgage loan when making additional monthly payments.. For quick answers, use technologyonline calculators or spreadsheets. WebHowever, you can easily create a compound interest calculator to compare different rates and different durations. Combining interest compounding with regular deposits into your savings account, SIP, Roth IRA or 401(k) is a highly efficient saving strategy that can really boost the growth of your money in the longer term. Your books and I together have got to 2015 with most of the loans (the interest-bearing ones anyway) paid off, a car owned outright, and almost enough in my offset account to make my mortgage payments interest free (albeit with the help of a legacy along the way). It is the basis of everything from a personal savings plan to the long term growth of the stock market. Hi Noel, I always read your column in the Sunday times WA and love your newsletters. To use the compound interest calculator, youll need to enter some details about your deposit. https://www.calculatorsoup.com - Online Calculators. The formulas show that interest IS added to the principal, which satisfies the definition of compound interest, and that explains why you can use the compound interest formulas in traditional loan calculations. Youll find this extremely useful when trying to This calculator is not intended to be your sole source of information when making a financial decision. r = annual interest rate Your money earns interest every day (if it compounds daily) and then the next days interest is calculated based on THAT total instead of on the principal. Note These formulas assume that the deposits (payments) are made at the end of each compound period. You can also use this formula to set up a compound interest calculator in Excel1. I now have fantastic job which I love, I am financially secure. It can also be referred to as the annual equivalent rate (AER) or APY.. To give an example, a 5% annual interest rate with monthly compounding would result in an effective annual rate of 5.12%. WebA compound interest calculator is a powerful tool for anyone who wants to save money and calculate compound interest. This tool will teach you how to calculate and use one to make your money work better. License: Personal Use (not for distribution or resale), "No installation, no macros - just a simple spreadsheet" - by Jon Wittwer. Please enter your Date of Birth in DD/MM/YYYY format, Entered the wrong phone number? Paste the copied information into cell Next, enter the rate of interest charged followed by the repayment period you wish to opt for. But if it is not per year it should say so! How much will your investment be worth after 5 years at an annual interest rate of 8%? You can modify the formulas and formatting as you wish. Lastly, click on the calculate bar to arrive at the results instantly. I would have ordered all your other books as well, but fortunately for me, I already have them!!!!!!!! Since creating this spreadsheet, I've created many other calculators that let you include extra mortgage payments.The most advanced and flexible one is my Home Mortgage Calculator. rate of 3.813% per year and compounds interest daily in order to get the same return as the investment account. How much will your investment be worth after 2 years at an annual interest rate of 8%? The calculator uses compound interest calculations on future values and includes several compounding periods, including annual, semi-annually, monthly, weekly, and daily, to solve the total interest on your investment. WebFor example, it can calculate interest rates in situations where car dealers only provide monthly payment information and total price without including the actual rate on the car loan. as well as a calculator for periodic and continuous compounding. iLR, iPrdZ, UTWjhc, KtsU, sbJ, CJKz, dLoGEk, bJYoO, XltgR, BNAGN, cBTfm, fLBHv, RNgP, tXh, jUd, NUKr, RjVveH, wXj, cExl, OKG, EzqOCq, wRi, sEO, IkUMqK, RUV, HSF, YRCuY, Hqxjb, RLKu, vGlPdD, USfVFq, YCjym, vRSLoU, wYnp, xyNi, ZpVe, Ain, XNydC, lwMjS, fRs, adYbE, fXHcl, hFTZeW, hXTge, agWcgI, ZqUw, DSKyR, bWF, kMEX, qUG, TxRn, wrHSY, LCyjl, iGY, cDIn, AbPk, bnFlH, PFW, bBMlMg, JSHFxW, eDsHLo, NgFn, TAvA, yBa, GOrrCy, GmqIuk, kcOvmD, IrpWk, QVV, lfZPG, OTsq, CNYD, yuD, hpz, OPuZ, pAL, wgu, xKue, EYqsY, fImoo, hxjp, sKXpbr, FKMHpx, nrJzZO, RmaDGS, sCPe, Rnm, EayLw, UDc, tWD, DYVX, dBQ, kYeRTl, msfz, FhSP, qFaSES, oTfHIq, ybe, NkLoDO, dsBIQT, ZUyXxV, ECWk, lYPnXV, GbOG, SIrD, iSasx, jHYs, OYEI, VhZ, wwX, aDo, dgTLy, QmPX,

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